colonise Who acts: country, people, plants, Britain, Settlers, Nations people · What happens: colonise, mean, send, settle, take, live · To what, where: place, people, control, Australia, 1788, large parts · Speech: someone speaks here
«colonise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: colonise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To colonise a place means a country sends people to settle there and takes control of the land, often from the people already living there.
The tree, 25 words mark csubj det obj det nsubj ccomp obj mark advcl advmod cc conj obj case det nmod punct advmod case det obl advmod acl advmod punct root To PART colonise VERB a DET place NOUN means VERB a DET country NOUN sends VERB people NOUN to PART settle VERB there ADV and CCONJ takes VERB control NOUN of ADP the DET land NOUN , PUNCT often ADV from ADP the DET people NOUN already ADV living VERB there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 colonise mark 2 colonise colonise VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 place det 4 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 colonise obj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 country det 7 country country NOUN Number=Sing 8 sends nsubj 8 sends send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 sends obj 10 to to PART _ 11 settle mark 11 settle settle VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 sends advcl 12 there there ADV PronType=Dem 11 settle advmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 takes cc 14 takes take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 sends conj 15 control control NOUN Number=Sing 14 takes obj 16 of of ADP _ 18 land case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 land det 18 land land NOUN Number=Sing 15 control nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 23 people punct 20 often often ADV _ 23 people advmod 21 from from ADP _ 23 people case 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 people det 23 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 takes obl 24 already already ADV _ 25 living advmod 25 living live VERB VerbForm=Ger 23 people acl 26 there there ADV PronType=Dem 25 living advmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 colonise to-infinitive a place tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 send present a country people vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme 4 settle to-infinitive a country not said here there vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 take present a country not said here control of the land from the people vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent control=Theme from people=Initial_Location 6 live gerund the people not said here there vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
When plants, animals or germs colonise a place, they spread into it and start living and growing there.
The tree, 18 words advmod nsubj punct conj cc conj advcl det obj punct nsubj case obl cc conj xcomp cc conj advmod punct root When ADV plants NOUN , PUNCT animals NOUN or CCONJ germs NOUN colonise VERB a DET place NOUN , PUNCT they PRON spread VERB into ADP it PRON and CCONJ start VERB living VERB and CCONJ growing VERB there ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 7 colonise advmod 2 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 colonise nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 animals punct 4 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 2 plants conj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 germs cc 6 germs germ NOUN Number=Plur 2 plants conj 7 colonise colonise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 spread advcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 place det 9 place place NOUN Number=Sing 7 colonise obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 7 colonise punct 11 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 spread nsubj 12 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 into into ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 spread obl 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 start cc 16 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 spread conj 17 living live VERB VerbForm=Ger 16 start xcomp 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 growing cc 19 growing grow VERB VerbForm=Ger 17 living conj 20 there there ADV PronType=Dem 19 growing advmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 12 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 colonise present plants and animals or germs a place tree rules 2 spread past plants = plant place vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into it=Destination 3 start infinitive plants = plant not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 4 live gerund plants = plant not said here vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 grow gerund plants = plant not said here there vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 Britain began to colonise Australia in 1788.
nsubj mark xcomp obj case obl punct root Britain PROPN began VERB to PART colonise VERB Australia PROPN in ADP 1788 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 2 began nsubj 2 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 colonise mark 4 colonise colonise VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 began xcomp 5 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 4 colonise obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 1788 case 7 1788 1788 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 colonise obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past Britain vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 colonise to-infinitive Britain not said here Australia 1788 tree rules
Example 2 Settlers from Europe colonised large parts of North America.
nsubj case nmod amod obj case compound nmod punct root Settlers NOUN from ADP Europe PROPN colonised VERB large ADJ parts NOUN of ADP North PROPN America PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Settlers settler NOUN Number=Plur 4 colonised nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 3 Europe case 3 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 1 Settlers nmod 4 colonised colonis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 parts amod 6 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 4 colonised obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 America case 8 North North PROPN Number=Sing 9 America compound 9 America America PROPN Number=Sing 6 parts nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 colonised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 colonis past Settlers from Europe large parts of North America tree rules
Example 3 The First Nations people did not invite anyone to colonise their land.
det amod compound nsubj aux advmod obj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root The DET First ADJ Nations PROPN people NOUN did AUX not PART invite VERB anyone PRON to PART colonise VERB their PRON land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Nations det 2 First first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 3 Nations amod 3 Nations Nation PROPN Number=Plur 4 people compound 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 invite nsubj 5 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 invite aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 invite advmod 7 invite invite VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 invite obj 9 to to PART _ 10 colonise mark 10 colonise colonise VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 invite xcomp 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 land nmod:poss 12 land land NOUN Number=Sing 10 colonise obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 invite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not invite past · do-support Nations people anyone vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient clause=Topic 2 colonise not said to happen to-infinitive anyone not said here people's land tree rules
Example 4 Weeds quickly colonised the empty car park.
nsubj advmod det amod compound obj punct root Weeds NOUN quickly ADV colonised VERB the DET empty ADJ car NOUN park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Weeds weed NOUN Number=Plur 3 colonised nsubj 2 quickly quickly ADV _ 3 colonised advmod 3 colonised colonis VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 park det 5 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 park amod 6 car car NOUN Number=Sing 7 park compound 7 park park NOUN Number=Sing 3 colonised obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 colonised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 colonis past Weeds the empty car park quickly property tree rules
Example 5 Bacteria can colonise a cut if you do not clean it.
nsubj aux det obj mark nsubj aux advmod advcl obj punct root Bacteria NOUN can AUX colonise VERB a DET cut NOUN if SCONJ you PRON do AUX not PART clean VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 3 colonise nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 colonise aux 3 colonise colonise VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cut det 5 cut cut NOUN Number=Sing 3 colonise obj 6 if if SCONJ _ 10 clean mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 clean nsubj 8 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 clean aux 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 clean advmod 10 clean clean VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 colonise advcl 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 clean obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 colonise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 colonise can Bacteria a cut tree rules 2 not clean a condition, not said to happen present · do-support you cut vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 6 Some scientists dream of colonising Mars one day.
det nsubj mark advcl obj nummod obl:unmarked punct root Some DET scientists NOUN dream VERB of SCONJ colonising VERB Mars PROPN one NUM day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 scientists det 2 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 dream nsubj 3 dream dream VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 of of SCONJ _ 5 colonising mark 5 colonising colonis VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 dream advcl 6 Mars Mars PROPN Number=Sing 5 colonising obj 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 day nummod 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 5 colonising obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 dream punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dream present some scientists vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent 2 colonis gerund some scientists not said here Mars day tree rules
Example 7 Lichens are often the first living things to colonise bare rock.
nsubj cop advmod det amod amod mark acl amod obj punct root Lichens NOUN are AUX often ADV the DET first ADJ living ADJ things NOUN to PART colonise VERB bare ADJ rock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lichens lichen NOUN Number=Plur 7 things nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 things cop 3 often often ADV _ 7 things advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 things det 5 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 7 things amod 6 living living ADJ Degree=Pos 7 things amod 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 to to PART _ 9 colonise mark 9 colonise colonise VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 things acl 10 bare bare ADJ Degree=Pos 11 rock amod 11 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 9 colonise obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 things punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lichens the first living things often property tree rules 2 colonise to-infinitive bare rock tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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