cossack Who acts: Cossacks, Cossack, Zaporizhzhian Cossacks, own leader, hopak, Grandad · What happens: be, rule, describe, live, elect, call · To what, where: communities, Ukraine, things, famous horse riders, islands, own leader · Speech: someone speaks here
«cossack» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cossack in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The Cossacks were communities of free, self-ruling warriors and farmers on the steppes of what is now Ukraine and southern Russia, famous as horsemen.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop case amod punct compound punct amod nmod cc conj case det nmod case nmod cop advmod acl:relcl cc amod conj punct conj case obl punct root The DET Cossacks PROPN were AUX communities NOUN of ADP free ADJ , PUNCT self NOUN - PUNCT ruling VERB warriors NOUN and CCONJ farmers NOUN on ADP the DET steppes NOUN of ADP what PRON is AUX now ADV Ukraine PROPN and CCONJ southern ADJ Russia PROPN , PUNCT famous ADJ as ADP horsemen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Cossacks det 2 Cossacks Cossack PROPN Number=Plur 4 communities nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 communities cop 4 communities community NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 of of ADP _ 11 warriors case 6 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 11 warriors amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 free punct 8 self self NOUN Number=Sing 10 ruling compound 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 self punct 10 ruling rule VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 warriors amod 11 warriors warrior NOUN Number=Plur 4 communities nmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 farmers cc 13 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 11 warriors conj 14 on on ADP _ 16 steppes case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 steppes det 16 steppes steppe NOUN Number=Plur 11 warriors nmod 17 of of ADP _ 18 what case 18 what what PRON PronType=Rel 16 steppes nmod 19 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 Ukraine cop 20 now now ADV PronType=Dem 21 Ukraine advmod 21 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN Number=Sing 18 what acl:relcl 22 and and CCONJ _ 24 Russia cc 23 southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 24 Russia amod 24 Russia Russia PROPN Number=Sing 21 Ukraine conj 25 , , PUNCT _ 26 famous punct 26 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 21 Ukraine conj 27 as as ADP _ 28 horsemen case 28 horsemen horseman NOUN Number=Plur 26 famous obl 29 . . PUNCT _ 4 communities punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the Cossacks communities of free ruling warriors on the steppes of free ruling warriors on the steppes of free ruling warriors and farmers and farmers tree rules 2 rule gerund vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 is a present Ukraine and southern Russia now tree rules 4 be as horsemen tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cossack describes their things: a Cossack hat, a Cossack dance.
nsubj nmod:poss obj punct det compound nmod punct det compound conj punct root Cossack NOUN describes VERB their PRON things NOUN : PUNCT a DET Cossack NOUN hat NOUN , PUNCT a DET Cossack NOUN dance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cossack cossack NOUN Number=Sing 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 things nmod:poss 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 describes obj 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 hat punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hat det 7 Cossack cossack NOUN Number=Sing 8 hat compound 8 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 4 things nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 dance punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 dance det 11 Cossack cossack NOUN Number=Sing 12 dance compound 12 dance dance NOUN Number=Sing 8 hat conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Cossack their things a Cossack hat and a Cossack dance vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
Example 1 The Cossacks were famous horse riders.
det nsubj cop amod compound punct root The DET Cossacks PROPN were AUX famous ADJ horse NOUN riders NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Cossacks det 2 Cossacks Cossack PROPN Number=Plur 6 riders nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 riders cop 4 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 riders amod 5 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 6 riders compound 6 riders rider NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 riders punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the Cossacks famous horse riders tree rules
Example 2 The Zaporizhzhian Cossacks lived on islands in the Dnipro river.
det amod nsubj case obl case det compound nmod punct root The DET Zaporizhzhian ADJ Cossacks PROPN lived VERB on ADP islands NOUN in ADP the DET Dnipro PROPN river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Cossacks det 2 Zaporizhzhian zaporizhzhian ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Cossacks amod 3 Cossacks Cossack PROPN Number=Plur 4 lived nsubj 4 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 6 islands case 6 islands island NOUN Number=Plur 4 lived obl 7 in in ADP _ 10 river case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 river det 9 Dnipro Dnipro PROPN Number=Sing 10 river compound 10 river river NOUN Number=Sing 6 islands nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks islands in the Dnipro river vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on island=Location
Example 3 The Cossacks elected their own leader, called a hetman.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct acl det obj punct root The DET Cossacks PROPN elected VERB their PRON own ADJ leader NOUN , PUNCT called VERB a DET hetman NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Cossacks det 2 Cossacks Cossack PROPN Number=Plur 3 elected nsubj 3 elected elect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 leader nmod:poss 5 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 6 leader amod 6 leader leader NOUN Number=Sing 3 elected obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 called punct 8 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 leader acl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 hetman det 10 hetman hetman NOUN Number=Sing 8 called obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 elected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 elect past the Cossacks Cossacks's own leader vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Theme 2 call participle Cossacks's own leader not said here a hetman vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hetman=Recipient
Example 4 In a famous painting, Cossacks laugh as they write a rude letter to the Turkish sultan.
The tree, 16 words case det amod obl punct nsubj mark nsubj advcl det amod obj case det amod obl punct root In ADP a DET famous ADJ painting NOUN , PUNCT Cossacks NOUN laugh VERB as SCONJ they PRON write VERB a DET rude ADJ letter NOUN to ADP the DET Turkish ADJ sultan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 painting case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 painting det 3 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 4 painting amod 4 painting painting NOUN Number=Sing 7 laugh obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 painting punct 6 Cossacks cossack NOUN Number=Plur 7 laugh nsubj 7 laugh laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 as as SCONJ _ 10 write mark 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 write nsubj 10 write write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 laugh advcl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 letter det 12 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 13 letter amod 13 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 10 write obj 14 to to ADP _ 17 sultan case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 sultan det 16 Turkish Turkish ADJ Degree=Pos 17 sultan amod 17 sultan sultan NOUN Number=Sing 10 write obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 laugh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh present Cossacks in a famous painting vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in painting=Theme 2 write present Cossacks = cossack a rude letter the Turkish sultan vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to sultan=Recipient
Example 5 The hopak is a lively Cossack dance from Ukraine.
det nsubj cop det amod compound case nmod punct root The DET hopak NOUN is AUX a DET lively ADJ Cossack NOUN dance NOUN from ADP Ukraine PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hopak det 2 hopak hopak NOUN Number=Sing 7 dance nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dance cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 dance det 5 lively lively ADJ Degree=Pos 7 dance amod 6 Cossack cossack NOUN Number=Sing 7 dance compound 7 dance dance NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 from from ADP _ 9 Ukraine case 9 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN Number=Sing 7 dance nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 dance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the hopak a lively Cossack dance Ukraine tree rules
Example 6 Grandad wore a tall furry Cossack hat.
nsubj det amod amod compound obj punct root Grandad PROPN wore VERB a DET tall ADJ furry ADJ Cossack NOUN hat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 2 wore nsubj 2 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hat det 4 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hat amod 5 furry furry ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hat amod 6 Cossack cossack NOUN Number=Sing 7 hat compound 7 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 2 wore obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past Grandad a tall furry Cossack hat vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme
Example 7 Ukraine's national anthem says Ukrainians are of Cossack kin.
nmod:poss case amod nsubj nsubj cop case compound ccomp punct root Ukraine PROPN 's PART national ADJ anthem NOUN says VERB Ukrainians PROPN are AUX of ADP Cossack NOUN kin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN Number=Sing 4 anthem nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Ukraine case 3 national national ADJ Degree=Pos 4 anthem amod 4 anthem anthem NOUN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 Ukrainians Ukrainian PROPN Number=Plur 10 kin nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 kin cop 8 of of ADP _ 10 kin case 9 Cossack cossack NOUN Number=Sing 10 kin compound 10 kin kin NOUN Number=Sing 5 says ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Ukraine's national anthem vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present Ukrainians of Cossack kin tree rules
Example 8 "What are you crying about?" asked the Cossack.
punct obj aux nsubj ccomp obl punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT What PRON are AUX you PRON crying VERB about ADP ? PUNCT " PUNCT asked VERB the DET Cossack NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 crying punct 2 What what PRON PronType=Int 5 crying obj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 crying aux 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 crying nsubj 5 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 asked ccomp 6 about about ADP _ 5 crying obl 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 crying punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 5 crying punct 9 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Cossack det 11 Cossack cossack NOUN Number=Sing 9 asked obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express in a quote present · progressive you vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic 2 ask speech: ask past the Cossack vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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