cost Who acts: you, cost, late, pencil, Pencils, total cost · What happens: cost, be, pay, buy, mean, make · To what, where: something, price, amount, you, game, us · Speech: someone speaks here
«cost» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cost in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To cost is to have a price: what you must pay to buy something.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark det obj punct obj nsubj aux conj mark xcomp obj punct root To PART cost VERB is AUX to PART have VERB a DET price NOUN : PUNCT what PRON you PRON must AUX pay VERB to PART buy VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cost mark 2 cost cost VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 have csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 have cop 4 to to PART _ 5 have mark 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 price det 7 price price NOUN Number=Sing 5 have obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 12 pay punct 9 what what PRON PronType=Int 12 pay obj 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 pay nsubj 11 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 pay aux 12 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 have conj 13 to to PART _ 14 buy mark 14 buy buy VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 pay xcomp 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 buy obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost to-infinitive vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme 2 is present have property tree rules 3 pay must you tree rules 4 buy to-infinitive you not said here something vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The cost is the price or the amount paid.
det nsubj cop det cc det conj acl punct root The DET cost NOUN is AUX the DET price NOUN or CCONJ the DET amount NOUN paid VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cost det 2 cost cost NOUN Number=Sing 5 price nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 price cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 price det 5 price price NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 amount cc 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 amount det 8 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 5 price conj 9 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 amount acl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 price punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the cost the price or the amount tree rules 2 pay participle the amount not said here vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To cost can mean to make you lose something: «Being late cost us the game».
The tree, 15 words case obl aux mark xcomp obj xcomp obj punct punct cop nsubj advcl iobj det obj punct punct root To ADP cost NOUN can AUX mean VERB to PART make VERB you PRON lose VERB something PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT Being AUX late ADJ cost VERB us PRON the DET game NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 2 cost case 2 cost cost NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean obl 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 make obj 8 lose lose VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make xcomp 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 lose obj 10 : : PUNCT _ 14 cost punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 13 late punct 12 Being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 late cop 13 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 14 cost nsubj 14 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 mean advcl 15 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 cost iobj 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 game det 17 game game NOUN Number=Sing 14 cost obj 18 » » PUNCT _ 14 cost punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can to cost vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 make not said to happen to-infinitive you tree rules 3 lose not said to happen infinitive you not said here something vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 is in a quote gerund late property tree rules 5 cost in a quote present late the game us vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme we=Beneficiary game=Value
Example 1 A pencil costs 3 cents.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET pencil NOUN costs VERB 3 NUM cents NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 pencil det 2 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 3 costs nsubj 3 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cents nummod 5 cents cent NOUN Number=Plur 3 costs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present a pencil 3 cents vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme cent=Value
Example 2 Pencils cost 3 cents each. How much do 5 pencils cost?
Sentence 1: Pencils cost 3 cents each.
nsubj nummod obj nmod punct root Pencils NOUN cost VERB 3 NUM cents NOUN each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 2 cost nsubj 2 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cents nummod 4 cents cent NOUN Number=Plur 2 cost obj 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 4 cents nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present Pencils 3 cents each vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme cent=Value
Sentence 2: How much do 5 pencils cost?
advmod obj nummod compound obj punct root How ADV much ADJ do VERB 5 NUM pencils NOUN cost NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 do obj 3 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 pencils nummod 5 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 6 cost compound 6 cost cost NOUN Number=Sing 3 do obj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present much tree rules
Example 3 The total cost is 24 cents.
det amod nsubj cop nummod punct root The DET total ADJ cost NOUN is AUX 24 NUM cents NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cost det 2 total total ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cost amod 3 cost cost NOUN Number=Sing 6 cents nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cents cop 5 24 24 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cents nummod 6 cents cent NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 cents punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the total cost 24 cents tree rules
Example 4 How much does this book cost?
advmod nsubj det compound obj punct root How ADV much ADJ does VERB this DET book VERB cost NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 does nsubj 3 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 cost det 5 book book VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 cost compound 6 cost cost NOUN Number=Sing 3 does obj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 does punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present much this book cost vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cost=Eventuality 2 book infinitive vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The tickets cost 8 dollars each.
det nsubj nummod obj nmod:unmarked punct root The DET tickets NOUN cost VERB 8 NUM dollars NOUN each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tickets det 2 tickets ticket NOUN Number=Plur 3 cost nsubj 3 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 cost obj 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 5 dollars nmod:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present the tickets 8 dollars each vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 6 The bike cost more than the scooter.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET bike NOUN cost VERB more ADJ than ADP the DET scooter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bike det 2 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 cost nsubj 3 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 cost obj 5 than than ADP _ 7 scooter case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 scooter det 7 scooter scooter NOUN Number=Sing 4 more obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present the bike more vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value
Example 7 The cost of food went up this year.
det nsubj case nmod compound:prt det obl:unmarked punct root The DET cost NOUN of ADP food NOUN went VERB up ADP this DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cost det 2 cost cost NOUN Number=Sing 5 went nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 food case 4 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 cost nmod 5 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 went compound:prt 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 year det 8 year year NOUN Number=Sing 5 went obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go up past the cost of food year vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 2 cost food nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient
Example 8 One mistake cost us the match.
nummod nsubj iobj det obj punct root One NUM mistake NOUN cost VERB us PRON the DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 mistake nummod 2 mistake mistake NOUN Number=Sing 3 cost nsubj 3 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 cost iobj 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 match det 6 match match NOUN Number=Sing 3 cost obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost past One mistake the match us vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme we=Beneficiary match=Value
Example 9 "Will it cost much, I wonder?"
punct aux nsubj advmod punct nsubj parataxis punct punct root " PUNCT Will AUX it PRON cost VERB much ADV , PUNCT I PRON wonder VERB ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 cost punct 2 Will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 cost aux 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 cost nsubj 4 cost cost VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 much much ADV _ 4 cost advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 wonder punct 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 wonder nsubj 8 wonder wonder VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cost parataxis 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 cost punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 4 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost in a quote future it vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme 2 wonder speech: ask in a quote present I vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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