costly Who acts: Costly, new bike, Missing, Repairing, Leaving, delay · What happens: mean, cost, cause, be, miss, repair · To what, where: lot, big loss, penalty, costly mistake, roof, lights
«costly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: costly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Costly means costing a lot of money; expensive.
nsubj xcomp det obj case nmod punct conj punct root Costly ADJ means VERB costing VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP money NOUN ; PUNCT expensive ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 costing cost VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lot det 5 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 3 costing obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 money case 7 money money NOUN Number=Sing 5 lot nmod 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 expensive punct 9 expensive expensive ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Costly vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cost not said to happen gerund Costly not said here a lot of money vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Costly means causing a big loss or harm: «a costly mistake».
The tree, 11 words nsubj xcomp det amod obj cc conj punct punct det amod parataxis punct punct root Costly ADJ means VERB causing VERB a DET big ADJ loss NOUN or CCONJ harm NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET costly ADJ mistake NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 causing cause VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 loss det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 loss amod 6 loss loss NOUN Number=Sing 3 causing obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 harm cc 8 harm harm NOUN Number=Sing 6 loss conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 13 mistake punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 13 mistake punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 mistake det 12 costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos 13 mistake amod 13 mistake mistake NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 mistake punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Costly vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cause not said to happen gerund Costly not said here a big loss or harm vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition loss=Patient
Example 1 The new bike was too costly for us.
det amod nsubj cop advmod case obl punct root The DET new ADJ bike NOUN was AUX too ADV costly ADJ for ADP us PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bike det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bike amod 3 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 6 costly nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 costly cop 5 too too ADV _ 6 costly advmod 6 costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 for for ADP _ 8 us case 8 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 costly obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 costly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the new bike for us; costly property tree rules
Example 2 Missing the penalty was a costly mistake.
csubj det obj cop det amod punct root Missing VERB the DET penalty NOUN was AUX a DET costly ADJ mistake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Missing miss VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 mistake csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 penalty det 3 penalty penalty NOUN Number=Sing 1 Missing obj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 mistake cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 mistake det 6 costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 mistake amod 7 mistake mistake NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 mistake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 miss gerund the penalty vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer penalty=Stimulus 2 is a past Missing a costly mistake tree rules
Example 3 Repairing the roof will be costly.
csubj det obj aux cop punct root Repairing VERB the DET roof NOUN will AUX be AUX costly ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Repairing repair VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 costly csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 roof det 3 roof roof NOUN Number=Sing 1 Repairing obj 4 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 costly aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 costly cop 6 costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 costly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 repair gerund the roof vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent roof=Patient 2 is future Repairing costly property tree rules
Example 4 Which is more costly, 3 pens at 2 dollars or 1 book at 5 dollars?
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop advmod punct nummod obl case nummod nmod cc nummod conj case nummod nmod punct root Which PRON is AUX more ADV costly ADJ , PUNCT 3 NUM pens NOUN at ADP 2 NUM dollars NOUN or CCONJ 1 NUM book NOUN at ADP 5 NUM dollars NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which PRON PronType=Rel 4 costly nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 costly cop 3 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 4 costly advmod 4 costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 pens punct 6 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 pens nummod 7 pens pen NOUN Number=Plur 4 costly obl 8 at at ADP _ 10 dollars case 9 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 dollars nummod 10 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 7 pens nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 book cc 12 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 book nummod 13 book book NOUN Number=Sing 10 dollars conj 14 at at ADP _ 16 dollars case 15 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 dollars nummod 16 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 13 book nmod 17 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 costly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present 3 pens at 2 dollars or 1 book at 5 dollars obl ; costly property tree rules
Example 5 Leaving the lights on is costly.
csubj det obj compound:prt cop punct root Leaving VERB the DET lights NOUN on ADP is AUX costly ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaving leave VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 costly csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 lights det 3 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 1 Leaving obj 4 on on ADP _ 1 Leaving compound:prt 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 costly cop 6 costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 costly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave on gerund the lights vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme 2 is present Leaving costly property tree rules
Example 6 The delay proved costly for the team.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET delay NOUN proved VERB costly ADV for ADP the DET team NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 delay det 2 delay delay NOUN Number=Sing 3 proved nsubj 3 proved prove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 costly costly ADV _ 3 proved advmod 5 for for ADP _ 7 team case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 team det 7 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 proved obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 proved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prove past the delay for the team; costly property vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
Example 7 He already possessed a costly block of that stone.
nsubj advmod det amod obj case det nmod punct root He PRON already ADV possessed VERB a DET costly ADJ block NOUN of ADP that DET stone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 possessed nsubj 2 already already ADV _ 3 possessed advmod 3 possessed possess VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 block det 5 costly costly ADJ Degree=Pos 6 block amod 6 block block NOUN Number=Sing 3 possessed obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 stone case 8 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 stone det 9 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 6 block nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 possessed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 possess past He a costly block of that stone vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot block=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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