course Who acts: course, main course, something, you, Tears, I · What happens: be, follow, mean, expect, flow, course down · To what, where: set, part, pasta, path, direction, area · Speech: someone speaks here
«course» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: course in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A course is a set of lessons on a subject: «a swimming course».
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case det nmod punct punct det compound appos punct punct root A DET course NOUN is AUX a DET set NOUN of ADP lessons NOUN on ADP a DET subject NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT a DET swimming NOUN course NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 course det 2 course course NOUN Number=Sing 5 set nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 set cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 set det 5 set set NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 lessons case 7 lessons lesson NOUN Number=Plur 5 set nmod 8 on on ADP _ 10 subject case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 subject det 10 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 7 lessons nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 course punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 15 course punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 course det 14 swimming swimming NOUN Number=Sing 15 course compound 15 course course NOUN Number=Sing 5 set appos 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 course punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a course a set of lessons on a subject tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A course is a part of a meal: «The main course was pasta.».
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det case det nmod punct punct det amod nsubj cop parataxis punct punct punct root A DET course NOUN is AUX a DET part NOUN of ADP a DET meal NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET main ADJ course NOUN was AUX pasta NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 course det 2 course course NOUN Number=Sing 5 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 part cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 part det 5 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 meal case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 meal det 8 meal meal NOUN Number=Sing 5 part nmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 15 pasta punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 15 pasta punct 11 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 course det 12 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 13 course amod 13 course course NOUN Number=Sing 15 pasta nsubj 14 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 pasta cop 15 pasta pasta NOUN Number=Sing 5 part parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 15 pasta punct 17 » » PUNCT _ 15 pasta punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a course a part of a meal tree rules 2 is a in a quote past the main course pasta tree rules
Meaning 3 A course is the path or direction something follows, like a river or a ship.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl punct case det appos cc det conj punct root A DET course NOUN is AUX the DET path NOUN or CCONJ direction NOUN something PRON follows VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET river NOUN or CCONJ a DET ship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 course det 2 course course NOUN Number=Sing 5 path nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 path cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 path det 5 path path NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 direction cc 7 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 5 path conj 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 follows nsubj 9 follows follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 direction acl:relcl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 river punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 river case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 river det 13 river river NOUN Number=Sing 5 path appos 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 ship cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 ship det 16 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 13 river conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 path punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a course the path or direction tree rules 2 follow present something direction not said here vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Theme
Meaning 4 A course is an area for a sport or race: a golf course, an obstacle course.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det case det nmod cc conj punct det compound nmod punct det amod appos punct root A DET course NOUN is AUX an DET area NOUN for ADP a DET sport NOUN or CCONJ race NOUN : PUNCT a DET golf NOUN course NOUN , PUNCT an DET obstacle ADJ course NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 course det 2 course course NOUN Number=Sing 5 area nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 area cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 area det 5 area area NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 sport case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sport det 8 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 5 area nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 race cc 10 race race NOUN Number=Sing 8 sport conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 course punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 course det 13 golf golf NOUN Number=Sing 14 course compound 14 course course NOUN Number=Sing 5 area nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 course punct 16 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 course det 17 obstacle obstacle ADJ Degree=Pos 18 course amod 18 course course NOUN Number=Sing 14 course appos 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 area punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a course a area for a sport or race; a golf course nmod tree rules
Meaning 5 «Of course» means «yes, certainly» or «as you would expect».
The tree, 10 words punct advmod fixed punct punct discourse punct advmod punct cc punct mark nsubj aux ccomp punct punct root « PUNCT Of ADP course NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT yes INTJ , PUNCT certainly ADV » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT as SCONJ you PRON would AUX expect VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 Of of ADP ExtPos=ADV 5 means advmod 3 course course NOUN Number=Sing 2 Of fixed 4 » » PUNCT _ 5 means punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 16 expect punct 7 yes yes INTJ Polarity=Pos 16 expect discourse 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 yes punct 9 certainly certainly ADV _ 16 expect advmod 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 certainly punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 16 expect cc 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 expect punct 13 as as SCONJ _ 16 expect mark 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 expect nsubj 15 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 expect aux 16 expect expect VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means ccomp 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 expect punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 expect in a quote would you certainly property vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 6 To course means to flow fast: «Tears coursed down her cheeks.».
The tree, 11 words mark nsubj mark xcomp advmod punct punct nsubj parataxis compound:prt nmod:poss obj punct punct punct root To PART course NOUN means VERB to PART flow VERB fast ADV : PUNCT « PUNCT Tears NOUN coursed VERB down ADP her PRON cheeks NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 course mark 2 course course NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 flow mark 5 flow flow VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 5 flow advmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 coursed punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 10 coursed punct 9 Tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 10 coursed nsubj 10 coursed course VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 means parataxis 11 down down ADP _ 10 coursed compound:prt 12 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 cheeks nmod:poss 13 cheeks cheek NOUN Number=Plur 10 coursed obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 coursed punct 15 » » PUNCT _ 10 coursed punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present course vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 flow not said to happen to-infinitive course not said here fast property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 course down in a quote past Tears course's cheeks tree rules
Example 1 I am doing a first-aid course this summer.
nsubj aux det amod punct compound obj det obl:unmarked punct root I PRON am AUX doing VERB a DET first ADJ - PUNCT aid NOUN course NOUN this DET summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 doing nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 doing aux 3 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 course det 5 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 7 aid amod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 first punct 7 aid aid NOUN Number=Sing 8 course compound 8 course course NOUN Number=Sing 3 doing obj 9 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 summer det 10 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 3 doing obl:unmarked 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 doing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present · progressive I a aid course summer vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Eventuality
Example 2 «Can you help me?» «Of course!»
Sentence 1: «Can you help me?»
punct aux nsubj obj punct punct root « PUNCT Can AUX you PRON help VERB me PRON ? PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 help punct 2 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 help aux 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 help nsubj 4 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 help obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 help punct 7 » » PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help in a quote can you me vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary
Sentence 2: «Of course!»
punct case punct punct root « PUNCT Of ADP course NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 course punct 2 Of of ADP _ 3 course case 3 course course NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 3 course punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 course punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 The main course was roast chicken.
det amod nsubj cop compound punct root The DET main ADJ course NOUN was AUX roast NOUN chicken NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 course det 2 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 3 course amod 3 course course NOUN Number=Sing 6 chicken nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 chicken cop 5 roast roast NOUN Number=Sing 6 chicken compound 6 chicken chicken NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 chicken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the main course roast chicken tree rules
Example 4 The river changes course after heavy rain.
det nsubj obj case amod obl punct root The DET river NOUN changes VERB course NOUN after ADP heavy ADJ rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 river det 2 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 changes nsubj 3 changes change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 course course NOUN Number=Sing 3 changes obj 5 after after ADP _ 7 rain case 6 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 rain amod 7 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 changes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 changes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change present the river course after heavy rain vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Patient
Example 5 We ran round the obstacle course on sports day.
nsubj case det compound obl case compound obl punct root We PRON ran VERB round ADP the DET obstacle NOUN course NOUN on ADP sports NOUN day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 ran nsubj 2 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 round round ADP _ 6 course case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 course det 5 obstacle obstacle NOUN Number=Sing 6 course compound 6 course course NOUN Number=Sing 2 ran obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 day case 8 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 9 day compound 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 ran obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past We the obstacle course day vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round course=Trajectory
Example 6 The plane was blown off course by the storm.
det nsubj aux:pass case obl case det obl punct root The DET plane NOUN was AUX blown VERB off ADP course NOUN by ADP the DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plane det 2 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 4 blown nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 blown aux:pass 4 blown blow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 off off ADP _ 6 course case 6 course course NOUN Number=Sing 4 blown obl 7 by by ADP _ 9 storm case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 storm det 9 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 4 blown obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 blown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow off past · passive the storm the plane off course vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP PP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary course=Product
Example 7 Of course, you need to show your working in maths.
case obl punct nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Of ADP course NOUN , PUNCT you PRON need VERB to PART show VERB your PRON working NOUN in ADP maths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Of of ADP _ 2 course case 2 course course NOUN Number=Sing 5 need obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 course punct 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 need nsubj 5 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 show mark 7 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 need xcomp 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 working nmod:poss 9 working working NOUN Number=Sing 7 show obj 10 in in ADP _ 11 maths case 11 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 7 show obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present you of course vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 show not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here your working in maths vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent working=Patient in math=Topic
Example 8 In the course of the week we read three books.
case det obl case det obl nsubj nummod obj punct root In ADP the DET course NOUN of ADP the DET week NOUN we PRON read VERB three NUM books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 course case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 course det 3 course course NOUN Number=Sing 8 read obl 4 of of ADP _ 6 week case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 week det 6 week week NOUN Number=Sing 8 read obl 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 read nsubj 8 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 books nummod 10 books book NOUN Number=Plur 8 read obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past we three books the course week vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic
Example 9 Of course it was a Friday.
case fixed nsubj cop det punct root Of ADP course NOUN it PRON was AUX a DET Friday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Of of ADP _ 6 Friday case 2 course course NOUN Number=Sing 1 Of fixed 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 Friday nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 Friday cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 Friday det 6 Friday Friday PROPN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 Friday punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past course of a Friday tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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