cowardice Who acts: Cowardice, Running, knight, It, She, Bullying · What happens: be, do, need, run away, leave, not be · To what, where: lack, shameful act, friend, act, cowardice, truth · Speech: someone speaks here
«cowardice» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cowardice in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Cowardice is a lack of courage: being too afraid to do what is right or what is needed.
The tree, 18 words nsubj cop det case nmod punct cop advmod parataxis mark xcomp nsubj cop ccomp cc nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root Cowardice NOUN is AUX a DET lack NOUN of ADP courage NOUN : PUNCT being AUX too ADV afraid ADJ to PART do VERB what PRON is AUX right ADJ or CCONJ what PRON is AUX needed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cowardice cowardice NOUN Number=Sing 4 lack nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lack cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lack det 4 lack lack NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 courage case 6 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 4 lack nmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 afraid punct 8 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 afraid cop 9 too too ADV _ 10 afraid advmod 10 afraid afraid ADJ Degree=Pos 4 lack parataxis 11 to to PART _ 12 do mark 12 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 afraid xcomp 13 what what PRON PronType=Int 15 right nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 right cop 15 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 12 do ccomp 16 or or CCONJ _ 19 needed cc 17 what what PRON PronType=Int 19 needed nsubj:pass 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 needed aux:pass 19 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 right conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 lack punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Cowardice a lack of courage tree rules 2 is gerund afraid property tree rules 3 do to-infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is present right property tree rules 5 need present · passive vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A shameful act done because of fear.
det amod acl case fixed obl punct root A DET shameful ADJ act NOUN done VERB because ADP of ADP fear NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 act det 2 shameful shameful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 act amod 3 act act NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 act acl 5 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 7 fear case 6 of of ADP _ 5 because fixed 7 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 4 done obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do participle a shameful act not said here because fear vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Running away and leaving his friend was an act of cowardice.
csubj advmod cc conj nmod:poss obj cop det case nmod punct root Running VERB away ADV and CCONJ leaving VERB his PRON friend NOUN was AUX an DET act NOUN of ADP cowardice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 act csubj 2 away away ADV _ 1 Running advmod 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 leaving cc 4 leaving leave VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Running conj 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 friend nmod:poss 6 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 leaving obj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 act cop 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 act det 9 act act NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 of of ADP _ 11 cowardice case 11 cowardice cowardice NOUN Number=Sing 9 act nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run away gerund away property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 leave gerund his friend vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme 3 is a past Running a act of cowardice tree rules
Example 2 The knight was ashamed of his cowardice.
det nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET knight NOUN was AUX ashamed ADJ of ADP his PRON cowardice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knight det 2 knight knight NOUN Number=Sing 4 ashamed nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 ashamed cop 4 ashamed ashamed ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 cowardice case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 cowardice nmod:poss 7 cowardice cowardice NOUN Number=Sing 4 ashamed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 ashamed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the knight of his cowardice; ashamed property tree rules
Example 3 It isn't cowardice to walk away from a fight.
nsubj cop advmod mark acl advmod case det obl punct root It PRON is AUX n't PART cowardice NOUN to PART walk VERB away ADV from ADP a DET fight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 cowardice nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 cowardice cop 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 cowardice advmod 4 cowardice cowardice NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to PART _ 6 walk mark 6 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 cowardice acl 7 away away ADV _ 6 walk advmod 8 from from ADP _ 10 fight case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 fight det 10 fight fight NOUN Number=Sing 7 away obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 cowardice punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present It cowardice tree rules 2 walk away to-infinitive away property vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 She overcame her cowardice and told the truth.
nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj det obj punct root She PRON overcame VERB her PRON cowardice NOUN and CCONJ told VERB the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 overcame nsubj 2 overcame overcome VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 cowardice nmod:poss 4 cowardice cowardice NOUN Number=Sing 2 overcame obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 told cc 6 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 overcame conj 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 truth det 8 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 6 told obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 overcame punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 overcome past She her cowardice vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot cowardice=Theme 2 tell speech: assert past She not said here the truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
Example 5 Bullying a smaller child is a kind of cowardice.
csubj det amod obj cop det case nmod punct root Bullying VERB a DET smaller ADJ child NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP cowardice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bullying bully VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 kind csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 child det 3 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 child amod 4 child child NOUN Number=Sing 1 Bullying obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 kind cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 kind det 7 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 cowardice case 9 cowardice cowardice NOUN Number=Sing 7 kind nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bully gerund a smaller child vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary 2 is a present Bullying a kind of cowardice tree rules
Example 6 The soldier was accused of cowardice.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET soldier NOUN was AUX accused VERB of ADP cowardice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 soldier det 2 soldier soldier NOUN Number=Sing 4 accused nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 accused aux:pass 4 accused accuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 cowardice case 6 cowardice cowardice NOUN Number=Sing 4 accused obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 accused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accuse past · passive the soldier of cowardice vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme of cowardice=Attribute
Example 7 That’s the worst kind of cowardice,” said the troop-horse. “Anybody can be forgiven for being scared in the night, I think, if they see things they don’t understand.
Sentence 1: That’s the worst kind of cowardice,” said the troop-horse.
The tree, 11 words nsubj cop det amod ccomp case nmod punct punct det compound punct obj punct root That PRON ’s AUX the DET worst ADJ kind NOUN of ADP cowardice NOUN , PUNCT ” PUNCT said VERB the DET troop NOUN - PUNCT horse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 kind nsubj 2 ’s be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 kind det 4 worst bad ADJ Degree=Sup 5 kind amod 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 10 said ccomp 6 of of ADP _ 7 cowardice case 7 cowardice cowardice NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 5 kind punct 9 ” " PUNCT _ 5 kind punct 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 horse det 12 troop troop NOUN Number=Sing 14 horse compound 13 - - PUNCT _ 12 troop punct 14 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 10 said obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present That the worst kind of cowardice tree rules 2 say speech: assert in a quote past the troop horse vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent horse=Topic
Sentence 2: “Anybody can be forgiven for being scared in the night, I think, if they see things they don’t understand.
The tree, 20 words punct nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case cop xcomp case det obl punct nsubj conj punct mark nsubj conj obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root “ PUNCT Anybody PRON can AUX be AUX forgiven VERB for ADP being AUX scared ADJ in ADP the DET night NOUN , PUNCT I PRON think VERB , PUNCT if SCONJ they PRON see VERB things NOUN they PRON do AUX n’t PART understand VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 5 forgiven punct 2 Anybody anybody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 forgiven nsubj:pass 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 forgiven aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 forgiven aux:pass 5 forgiven forgive VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 scared case 7 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 scared cop 8 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 5 forgiven xcomp 9 in in ADP _ 11 night case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 night det 11 night night NOUN Number=Sing 8 scared obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 think punct 13 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 think nsubj 14 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 forgiven conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 see punct 16 if if SCONJ _ 18 see mark 17 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 see nsubj 18 see see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 think conj 19 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 18 see obj 20 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 understand nsubj 21 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 understand aux 22 n’t not PART Polarity=Neg 23 understand advmod 23 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 things acl:relcl 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 forgiven punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 forgive in a quote can · passive Anybody vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 is in a quote gerund night scared property tree rules 3 think speech: other in a quote present I vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 see a condition, not said to happen, in a quote present they things vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus 5 not understand in a quote present · do-support things = thing things not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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