cramp Who acts: cramp, Cramps, I, you, hand, She · What happens: be, cramp, mean, stop, move, act · To what, where: sudden painful tightening, pains, stomach, someone, style, cramp · Speech: someone speaks here
«cramp» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cramp in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A cramp is a sudden, painful tightening of a muscle, often in the leg or foot.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod case det nmod punct advmod case det parataxis cc conj punct root A DET cramp NOUN is AUX a DET sudden ADJ , PUNCT painful ADJ tightening NOUN of ADP a DET muscle NOUN , PUNCT often ADV in ADP the DET leg NOUN or CCONJ foot NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cramp det 2 cramp cramp NOUN Number=Sing 8 tightening nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 tightening cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 tightening det 5 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tightening amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 sudden punct 7 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tightening amod 8 tightening tightening NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 11 muscle case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 muscle det 11 muscle muscle NOUN Number=Sing 8 tightening nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 leg punct 13 often often ADV _ 16 leg advmod 14 in in ADP _ 16 leg case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 leg det 16 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 8 tightening parataxis 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 foot cc 18 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 16 leg conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 tightening punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a cramp a sudden painful tightening of a muscle tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cramps are pains in the stomach.
nsubj cop case det nmod punct root Cramps NOUN are AUX pains NOUN in ADP the DET stomach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cramps cramp NOUN Number=Plur 3 pains nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 pains cop 3 pains pain NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 stomach case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stomach det 6 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 3 pains nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 pains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Cramps pains the stomach tree rules
Meaning 3 To cramp means to stop someone moving or acting freely: cramp your style.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj mark ccomp obj acl cc conj advmod punct conj nmod:poss obj punct root To PART cramp VERB means VERB to PART stop VERB someone PRON moving VERB or CCONJ acting VERB freely ADV : PUNCT cramp VERB your PRON style NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cramp mark 2 cramp cramp VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 stop mark 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means ccomp 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 stop obj 7 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 someone acl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 acting cc 9 acting act VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 moving conj 10 freely freely ADV _ 9 acting advmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 cramp punct 12 cramp cramp VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stop conj 13 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 style nmod:poss 14 style style NOUN Number=Sing 12 cramp obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cramp to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stop not said to happen to-infinitive someone vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality someone=Eventuality 4 move gerund vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 5 act gerund freely property vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 6 cramp infinitive your style tree rules
Example 1 I got cramp in my leg during the race.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl case det obl punct root I PRON got VERB cramp NOUN in ADP my PRON leg NOUN during ADP the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cramp cramp NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 leg case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 leg nmod:poss 6 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obl 7 during during ADP _ 9 race case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 race det 9 race race NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past I cramp my leg during the race vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cramp=Stimulus
Example 2 Stretch your leg to ease the cramp.
nmod:poss obj mark advcl det obj punct root Stretch VERB your PRON leg NOUN to PART ease VERB the DET cramp NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stretch stretch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 leg nmod:poss 3 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stretch obj 4 to to PART _ 5 ease mark 5 ease ease VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Stretch advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cramp det 7 cramp cramp NOUN Number=Sing 5 ease obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stretch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stretch imperative you not said here your leg vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent leg=Patient 2 ease to-infinitive you not said here the cramp vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cramp=Patient
Example 3 My hand had a cramp after writing so much.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj mark advcl advmod advmod punct root My PRON hand NOUN had VERB a DET cramp NOUN after SCONJ writing VERB so ADV much ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 hand nmod:poss 2 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cramp det 5 cramp cramp NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 after after SCONJ _ 7 writing mark 7 writing write VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 had advcl 8 so so ADV _ 9 much advmod 9 much much ADV _ 7 writing advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past My hand a cramp vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cramp=Patient 2 write gerund My hand not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 She had stomach cramps after eating too fast.
nsubj compound obj mark advcl advmod advmod punct root She PRON had VERB stomach NOUN cramps NOUN after SCONJ eating VERB too ADV fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 4 cramps compound 4 cramps cramp NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 after after SCONJ _ 6 eating mark 6 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 had advcl 7 too too ADV _ 8 fast advmod 8 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 6 eating advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past She stomach cramps vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cramp=Patient 2 eat gerund She not said here fast property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 A cramp in the water can be dangerous, so swim near the shore.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj case det obl aux cop punct advmod conj case det obl punct root A DET cramp NOUN in ADP the DET water NOUN can AUX be AUX dangerous ADJ , PUNCT so ADV swim VERB near ADP the DET shore NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cramp det 2 cramp cramp NOUN Number=Sing 8 dangerous nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 water case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 water det 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 cramp obl 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 dangerous aux 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 dangerous cop 8 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 swim punct 10 so so ADV _ 11 swim advmod 11 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 dangerous conj 12 near near ADP _ 14 shore case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 shore det 14 shore shore NOUN Number=Sing 11 swim obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 dangerous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can a cramp dangerous property tree rules 2 swim infinitive a cramp not said here the shore vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near shore=Trajectory
Example 6 The small car felt cramped with five people in it.
det amod nsubj xcomp case nummod obl case nmod punct root The DET small ADJ car NOUN felt VERB cramped ADJ with ADP five NUM people NOUN in ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 car amod 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 4 felt nsubj 4 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 cramped cramped ADJ Degree=Pos 4 felt xcomp 6 with with ADP _ 8 people case 7 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 people nummod 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 felt obl 9 in in ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 people nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past the small car with five people in it; cramped property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 7 Even where he was, Shere Khan’s shoulders and forepaws were cramped for want of room, as a man’s would be if he tried to fight in a barrel.
The tree, 30 words advmod advmod nsubj cop punct nmod:poss flat case nsubj cc conj cop case obl case nmod punct mark det nmod:poss case aux cop mark nsubj dep mark xcomp case det obl punct root Even ADV where ADV he PRON was AUX , PUNCT Shere PROPN Khan PROPN ’s PART shoulders NOUN and CCONJ forepaws NOUN were AUX cramped ADJ for ADP want NOUN of ADP room NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ a DET man NOUN ’s PART would AUX be AUX if SCONJ he PRON tried VERB to PART fight VERB in ADP a DET barrel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Even even ADV _ 2 where advmod 2 where where ADV PronType=Rel 13 cramped advmod 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 where nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 where cop 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 where punct 6 Shere Shere PROPN Number=Sing 9 shoulders nmod:poss 7 Khan Khan PROPN Number=Sing 6 Shere flat 8 ’s 's PART _ 6 Shere case 9 shoulders shoulder NOUN Number=Plur 13 cramped nsubj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 forepaws cc 11 forepaws forepaw NOUN Number=Plur 9 shoulders conj 12 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 cramped cop 13 cramped cramped ADJ Degree=Pos root root 14 for for ADP _ 15 want case 15 want want NOUN Number=Sing 13 cramped obl 16 of of ADP _ 17 room case 17 room room NOUN Number=Sing 15 want nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 23 would punct 19 as as SCONJ _ 23 would mark 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 man det 21 man man NOUN Number=Sing 23 would nmod:poss 22 ’s 's PART _ 21 man case 23 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 cramped aux 24 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 27 tried cop 25 if if SCONJ _ 27 tried mark 26 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 tried nsubj 27 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 would dep 28 to to PART _ 29 fight mark 29 fight fight VERB VerbForm=Inf 27 tried xcomp 30 in in ADP _ 32 barrel case 31 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 32 barrel det 32 barrel barrel NOUN Number=Sing 29 fight obl 33 . . PUNCT _ 13 cramped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past he where property tree rules 2 is would · past Shere's shoulders and forepaws for want of room; cramped property tree rules 3 is a condition, not said to happen infinitive man try property tree rules 4 fight not said to happen to-infinitive man not said here a barrel vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 want room nom want «state transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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