crane Who acts: crane, huge crane, steel, We, I, crane driver · What happens: be, use, lift, move, crane, see · To what, where: tall machine, long arm, heavy things, building sites, large bird, neck · Speech: someone speaks here
«crane» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crane in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A crane is a very tall machine with a long arm used to lift and move heavy things, especially on building sites and at ports.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod case det amod nmod acl mark xcomp cc conj amod obj punct advmod case compound nmod cc case conj punct root A DET crane NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV tall ADJ machine NOUN with ADP a DET long ADJ arm NOUN used VERB to PART lift VERB and CCONJ move VERB heavy ADJ things NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV on ADP building NOUN sites NOUN and CCONJ at ADP ports NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crane det 2 crane crane NOUN Number=Sing 7 machine nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 machine cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 machine det 5 very very ADV _ 6 tall advmod 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 7 machine amod 7 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 11 arm case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 arm det 10 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 11 arm amod 11 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 7 machine nmod 12 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 arm acl 13 to to PART _ 14 lift mark 14 lift lift VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 used xcomp 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 move cc 16 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 lift conj 17 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 18 things amod 18 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 16 move obj 19 , , PUNCT _ 23 sites punct 20 especially especially ADV _ 23 sites advmod 21 on on ADP _ 23 sites case 22 building building NOUN Number=Sing 23 sites compound 23 sites site NOUN Number=Plur 18 things nmod 24 and and CCONJ _ 26 ports cc 25 at at ADP _ 26 ports case 26 ports port NOUN Number=Plur 23 sites conj 27 . . PUNCT _ 7 machine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a crane a tall machine with a long arm tree rules 2 use participle a long arm not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 lift to-infinitive vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 move infinitive heavy things building sites and ports vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A crane is also a large bird with long legs, a long neck and a long beak.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod case amod nmod punct det amod conj cc det amod conj punct root A DET crane NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET large ADJ bird NOUN with ADP long ADJ legs NOUN , PUNCT a DET long ADJ neck NOUN and CCONJ a DET long ADJ beak NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crane det 2 crane crane NOUN Number=Sing 7 bird nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bird cop 4 also also ADV _ 7 bird advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bird det 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bird amod 7 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 10 legs case 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 10 legs amod 10 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 7 bird nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 neck punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 neck det 13 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 14 neck amod 14 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 7 bird conj 15 and and CCONJ _ 18 beak cc 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 beak det 17 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 18 beak amod 18 beak beak NOUN Number=Sing 14 neck conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a crane a large bird and a long neck and a long beak with long legs tree rules
Meaning 3 To crane your neck is to stretch your neck to see something better.
mark advcl nmod:poss obj cop mark nmod:poss obj mark advcl obj amod punct root To PART crane VERB your PRON neck NOUN is AUX to PART stretch VERB your PRON neck NOUN to PART see VERB something PRON better ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 crane mark 2 crane crane VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 stretch advcl 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 neck nmod:poss 4 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 2 crane obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 stretch cop 6 to to PART _ 7 stretch mark 7 stretch stretch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 neck nmod:poss 9 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 7 stretch obj 10 to to PART _ 11 see mark 11 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 stretch advcl 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 see obj 13 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 something amod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 stretch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crane to-infinitive your neck vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Patient 2 is present stretch property tree rules 3 see to-infinitive something vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus
Example 1 A huge crane lifted the steel beams to the top floor.
det amod nsubj det nsubj ccomp case det amod obl punct root A DET huge ADJ crane NOUN lifted VERB the DET steel NOUN beams VERB to ADP the DET top ADJ floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 crane det 2 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 3 crane amod 3 crane crane NOUN Number=Sing 4 lifted nsubj 4 lifted lift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 steel det 6 steel steel NOUN Number=Sing 7 beams nsubj 7 beams beam VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lifted ccomp 8 to to ADP _ 11 floor case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 floor det 10 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 11 floor amod 11 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 7 beams obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 lifted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lift past a huge crane tree rules 2 beam present the steel the top floor vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to floor=Recipient
Example 2 The crane unloaded the containers from the ship.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET crane NOUN unloaded VERB the DET containers NOUN from ADP the DET ship NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 crane det 2 crane crane NOUN Number=Sing 3 unloaded nsubj 3 unloaded unload VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 containers det 5 containers container NOUN Number=Plur 3 unloaded obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 ship case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ship det 8 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 3 unloaded obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 unloaded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 unload past the crane the containers the ship vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent container=Theme from ship=Source
Example 3 A crane stood in the marsh on one leg.
det nsubj case det obl case nummod obl punct root A DET crane NOUN stood VERB in ADP the DET marsh NOUN on ADP one NUM leg NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crane det 2 crane crane NOUN Number=Sing 3 stood nsubj 3 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 marsh case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 marsh det 6 marsh marsh NOUN Number=Sing 3 stood obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 leg case 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 leg nummod 9 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 3 stood obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past a crane the marsh on one leg vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in marsh=Location
Example 4 We folded paper cranes in art class.
nsubj compound obj case compound obl punct root We PRON folded VERB paper NOUN cranes NOUN in ADP art NOUN class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 folded nsubj 2 folded fold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 4 cranes compound 4 cranes crane NOUN Number=Plur 2 folded obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 class case 6 art art NOUN Number=Sing 7 class compound 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 2 folded obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 folded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fold past We paper cranes art class vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent crane=Patient
Example 5 I craned my neck to see over the crowd.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl case det obl punct root I PRON craned VERB my PRON neck NOUN to PART see VERB over ADP the DET crowd NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 craned nsubj 2 craned crane VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 neck nmod:poss 4 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 2 craned obj 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 craned advcl 7 over over ADP _ 9 crowd case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 crowd det 9 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 6 see obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 craned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crane past I my neck vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Patient 2 see to-infinitive I not said here the crowd vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 The crane driver sits in a little cab high in the air.
det compound nsubj case det amod obl amod case det obl punct root The DET crane NOUN driver NOUN sits VERB in ADP a DET little ADJ cab NOUN high ADJ in ADP the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 driver det 2 crane crane NOUN Number=Sing 3 driver compound 3 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 4 sits nsubj 4 sits sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 8 cab case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cab det 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cab amod 8 cab cab NOUN Number=Sing 4 sits obl 9 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 8 cab amod 10 in in ADP _ 12 air case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 air det 12 air air NOUN Number=Sing 9 high obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 sits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit present the crane driver a little cab vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cab=Location
Example 7 Cranes fly in big flocks when they migrate.
nsubj case amod obl advmod nsubj advcl punct root Cranes NOUN fly VERB in ADP big ADJ flocks NOUN when ADV they PRON migrate VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cranes crane NOUN Number=Plur 2 fly nsubj 2 fly fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 flocks case 4 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 5 flocks amod 5 flocks flock NOUN Number=Plur 2 fly obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 migrate advmod 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 migrate nsubj 8 migrate migrate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 fly advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly present Cranes big flocks vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flock=Location 2 migrate present Cranes = crane tree rules
Example 8 ‘Take this sack,’ said the crane.
punct ccomp det obj punct punct det obj punct root ‘ PUNCT Take VERB this DET sack NOUN , PUNCT ’ PUNCT said VERB the DET crane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 2 Take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 said ccomp 3 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 sack det 4 sack sack NOUN Number=Sing 2 Take obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 6 ’ ' PUNCT _ 2 Take punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 crane det 9 crane crane NOUN Number=Sing 7 said obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take infinitive this sack vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sack=Theme 2 say speech: assert past the crane tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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