crucify

Who acts: them, newspapers, Christians, Romans, creed, Mum · What happens: kill, nail, tie, leave, die, use · To what, where: someone, them, cruel punishment, manager, Jesus, criminals · Speech: someone speaks here

«crucify» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crucify in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To kill someone by nailing or tying them to a cross and leaving them to die — a cruel punishment used in ancient times, especially by the Romans.

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 kill	mark
2	kill	kill	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 kill	obj
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 nailing	mark
5	nailing	nail	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 kill	advcl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 tying	cc
7	tying	tie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 nailing	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 tying	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 cross	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 cross	det
11	cross	cross	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tying	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 leaving	cc
13	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 nailing	conj
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 leaving	obj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 die	mark
16	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 leaving	xcomp
17	—	-	PUNCT	_	20 punishment	punct
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 punishment	det
19	cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 punishment	amod
20	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 kill	parataxis
21	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 punishment	acl
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 times	case
23	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 times	amod
24	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 used	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 Romans	punct
26	especially	especially	ADV	_	29 Romans	advmod
27	by	by	ADP	_	29 Romans	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 Romans	det
29	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	21 used	obl:agent
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 kill	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	kill	to-infinitive		someone			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme
2	nail	gerund					vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	tie	gerund		them = they		to a cross	vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient to cross=Co-Patient
4	leave	gerund		them = they			tree rules
5	die	to-infinitive	them = they not said here				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
6	use	participle		a cruel punishment not said here	time		vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: Bible, church — kept apart, not parsed.

Used of Jesus.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 Jesus	case
3	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Used	obl
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle						of Jesus	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

Christians believe Jesus was crucified and rose again on the third day.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 believe	nsubj
2	believe	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 crucified	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 crucified	aux:pass
5	crucified	crucify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 believe	ccomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 rose	cc
7	rose	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 crucified	conj
8	again	again	ADV	_	7 rose	advmod
9	on	on	ADP	_	12 day	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 day	det
11	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	12 day	amod
12	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rose	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 believe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	believe	present	Christians			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	crucify	past · passive		Jesus		vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	rise	past			again; day	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

To criticise someone very harshly or punish them badly: «The newspapers crucified the manager.».

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 criticise	mark
2	criticise	criticise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 crucified	advcl
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 criticise	obj
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 harshly	advmod
5	harshly	harshly	ADV	_	2 criticise	advmod
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 punish	cc
7	punish	punish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 criticise	conj
8	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 punish	obj
9	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 punish	advmod
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 criticise	punct
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 crucified	punct
12	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 newspapers	det
13	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 crucified	nsubj
14	crucified	crucify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 manager	det
16	manager	manager	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 crucified	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 crucified	punct
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 crucified	punct
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 crucified	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	criticise	to-infinitive	the newspapers not said here	someone	harshly property	tree rules
2	punish	infinitive	the newspapers not said here	them = they	badly property	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	crucify in a quote	past	the newspapers	the manager		vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manager=Patient

Meaning 4

Usage: informal, sport — kept apart, not parsed.

To beat someone very heavily.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 beat	mark
2	beat	beat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 beat	obj
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 heavily	advmod
5	heavily	heavily	ADV	_	2 beat	advmod
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 beat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	beat	to-infinitive		someone				heavily property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location someone=Theme

Example 1

The Romans crucified criminals as a warning to others.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Romans	det
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 crucified	nsubj
3	crucified	crucify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	criminals	criminal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 crucified	obj
5	as	as	ADP	_	7 warning	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 warning	det
7	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crucified	obl
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 others	case
9	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 warning	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 crucified	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crucify	past	the Romans	criminals				as a warning to others	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent criminal=Patient

Example 2

Christians believe Jesus was crucified on Good Friday and rose again on Easter Sunday.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 believe	nsubj
2	believe	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 crucified	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 crucified	aux:pass
5	crucified	crucify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 believe	ccomp
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 Friday	case
7	Good	Good	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Friday	flat
8	Friday	Friday	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 crucified	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 rose	cc
10	rose	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 crucified	conj
11	again	again	ADV	_	10 rose	advmod
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 Sunday	case
13	Easter	Easter	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Sunday	compound
14	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 rose	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 believe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	believe	present	Christians			vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	crucify	past · passive		Jesus	friday	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	rise	past			again; sunday	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 3

The creed says he was crucified under Pontius Pilate.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 creed	det
2	creed	creed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 crucified	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 crucified	aux:pass
6	crucified	crucify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 says	ccomp
7	under	under	ADP	_	9 Pilate	case
8	Pontius	Pontius	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Pilate	compound
9	Pilate	Pilate	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 crucified	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the creed						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	crucify	past · passive		creed		Pontius Pilate			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Example 4

Two thieves were crucified beside Jesus.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 thieves	nummod
2	thieves	thief	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 crucified	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 crucified	aux:pass
4	crucified	crucify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	beside	beside	ADP	_	6 Jesus	case
6	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 crucified	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 crucified	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crucify	past · passive		Two thieves		Jesus			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Example 5

Mum will crucify me if I lose another coat!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crucify	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 crucify	aux
3	crucify	crucify	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 crucify	obj
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 lose	mark
6	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 lose	nsubj
7	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 crucify	advcl
8	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	9 coat	det
9	coat	coat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lose	obj
10	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 crucify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crucify	future	Mum	me					vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient
2	lose a condition, not said to happen	present	I	another coat					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Eventuality

Example 6

The critics crucified the new film.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 critics	det
2	critics	critic	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 crucified	nsubj
3	crucified	crucify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 film	det
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 film	amod
6	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crucified	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 crucified	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crucify	past	the critics	the new film					vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Patient

Example 7

We got crucified six–nil in the final.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 crucified	nsubj
2	got	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 crucified	aux:pass
3	crucified	crucify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 nil	nummod
5	–	-	PUNCT	_	6 nil	punct
6	nil	nil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crucified	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 final	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 final	det
9	final	final	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crucified	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 crucified	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crucify	past · passive		We		the final			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Patient nil=Result

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/crucify/