crutch Who acts: crutch, someone, leg, you, She, He · What happens: be, use, help, walk, depend on, break · To what, where: long stick, someone, something, much, crutches, ankle · Speech: someone speaks here
«crutch» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crutch in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A crutch is a long stick with a support for under the arm or a handle, used to help someone walk when a leg or foot is injured.
The tree, 28 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod case case det nmod cc det conj punct conj mark advcl obj xcomp advmod det nsubj cc conj cop advcl punct root A DET crutch NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ stick NOUN with ADP a DET support NOUN for ADP under ADP the DET arm NOUN or CCONJ a DET handle NOUN , PUNCT used VERB to PART help VERB someone PRON walk VERB when ADV a DET leg NOUN or CCONJ foot NOUN is AUX injured ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crutch det 2 crutch crutch NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stick cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stick det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 stick amod 6 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 with with ADP _ 9 support case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 support det 9 support support NOUN Number=Sing 6 stick nmod 10 for for ADP _ 13 arm case 11 under under ADP _ 13 arm case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 arm det 13 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 9 support nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 handle cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 handle det 16 handle handle NOUN Number=Sing 13 arm conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 used punct 18 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 stick conj 19 to to PART _ 20 help mark 20 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 used advcl 21 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 20 help obj 22 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 help xcomp 23 when when ADV PronType=Int 29 injured advmod 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 leg det 25 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 29 injured nsubj 26 or or CCONJ _ 27 foot cc 27 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 25 leg conj 28 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 29 injured cop 29 injured injured ADJ Degree=Pos 22 walk advcl 30 . . PUNCT _ 6 stick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a crutch a long stick with a support for the arm or a handle tree rules 2 use participle a crutch not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 help to-infinitive a crutch not said here someone vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Beneficiary clause=Theme 4 walk infinitive someone not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 is present a leg or foot injured property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A crutch is something you depend on too much for support or comfort.
det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt advmod obj case obl cc conj punct root A DET crutch NOUN is AUX something PRON you PRON depend VERB on ADP too ADV much ADJ for ADP support NOUN or CCONJ comfort NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 crutch det 2 crutch crutch NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 depend nsubj 6 depend depend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 on on ADP _ 6 depend compound:prt 8 too too ADV _ 9 much advmod 9 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 6 depend obj 10 for for ADP _ 11 support case 11 support support NOUN Number=Sing 6 depend obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 comfort cc 13 comfort comfort NOUN Number=Sing 11 support conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a crutch something tree rules 2 depend on present you much for support or comfort tree rules
Example 1 She walked on crutches after breaking her ankle.
nsubj case obl mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root She PRON walked VERB on ADP crutches NOUN after SCONJ breaking VERB her PRON ankle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 4 crutches case 4 crutches crutch NOUN Number=Plur 2 walked obl 5 after after SCONJ _ 6 breaking mark 6 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 walked advcl 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 ankle nmod:poss 8 ankle ankle NOUN Number=Sing 6 breaking obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past She crutches vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on crutch=Trajectory 2 break gerund She not said here her ankle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ankle=Patient
Example 2 He needed a pair of crutches for six weeks.
nsubj det obj case nmod case nummod obl punct root He PRON needed VERB a DET pair NOUN of ADP crutches NOUN for ADP six NUM weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 needed nsubj 2 needed need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pair det 4 pair pair NOUN Number=Sing 2 needed obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 crutches case 6 crutches crutch NOUN Number=Plur 4 pair nmod 7 for for ADP _ 9 weeks case 8 six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 weeks nummod 9 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 2 needed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 needed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need past He a pair of crutches week vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot pair=Theme
Example 3 The doctor showed me how to use the crutches.
det nsubj iobj advmod mark ccomp det obj punct root The DET doctor NOUN showed VERB me PRON how ADV to PART use VERB the DET crutches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 showed iobj 5 how how ADV PronType=Int 7 use advmod 6 to to PART _ 7 use mark 7 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 showed ccomp 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 crutches det 9 crutches crutch NOUN Number=Plur 7 use obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the doctor me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic 2 use to-infinitive the crutches vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crutch=Patient
Example 4 It's hard to carry a tray when you're on crutches.
expl cop mark xcomp det obj advmod nsubj cop case obl punct root It PRON 's AUX hard ADJ to PART carry VERB a DET tray NOUN when ADV you PRON 're AUX on ADP crutches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 hard expl 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 hard cop 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 carry mark 5 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 hard xcomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 tray det 7 tray tray NOUN Number=Sing 5 carry obj 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 12 crutches advmod 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 crutches nsubj 10 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 crutches cop 11 on on ADP _ 12 crutches case 12 crutches crutch NOUN Number=Plur 5 carry obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present hard property tree rules 2 carry to-infinitive a tray vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tray=Theme 3 is present you crutches tree rules
Example 5 The calculator should not become a crutch; learn your times tables too.
det nsubj aux advmod det xcomp punct conj nmod:poss compound obj advmod punct root The DET calculator NOUN should AUX not PART become VERB a DET crutch NOUN ; PUNCT learn VERB your PRON times NOUN tables NOUN too ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 calculator det 2 calculator calculator NOUN Number=Sing 5 become nsubj 3 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 become aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 become advmod 5 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 crutch det 7 crutch crutch NOUN Number=Sing 5 become xcomp 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 learn punct 9 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 become conj 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 tables nmod:poss 11 times time NOUN Number=Plur 12 tables compound 12 tables table NOUN Number=Plur 9 learn obj 13 too too ADV _ 9 learn advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 become punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not become should the calculator a crutch vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 learn infinitive the calculator not said here your times tables vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Topic
Example 6 Hold the door for people on crutches.
det obj case obl case obl punct root Hold VERB the DET door NOUN for ADP people NOUN on ADP crutches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 door det 3 door door NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hold obj 4 for for ADP _ 5 people case 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hold obl 6 on on ADP _ 7 crutches case 7 crutches crutch NOUN Number=Plur 1 Hold obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold imperative you not said here the door crutches for people vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent door=Theme on crutch=Location
Example 7 Outside the church door stood an old beggar, leaning on his crutch.
case det compound obl det amod obj punct advcl case nmod:poss obl punct root Outside ADP the DET church NOUN door NOUN stood VERB an DET old ADJ beggar NOUN , PUNCT leaning VERB on ADP his PRON crutch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Outside outside ADP _ 4 door case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 door det 3 church church NOUN Number=Sing 4 door compound 4 door door NOUN Number=Sing 5 stood obl 5 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 beggar det 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 beggar amod 8 beggar beggar NOUN Number=Sing 5 stood obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 leaning punct 10 leaning lean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 stood advcl 11 on on ADP _ 13 crutch case 12 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 crutch nmod:poss 13 crutch crutch NOUN Number=Sing 10 leaning obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 stood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand past a old beggar the church door vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beggar=Theme outside door=Destination 2 lean gerund his crutch vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on crutch=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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