crux

Who acts: important part, crux, you, 's, question, Working · What happens: not be, see, show, be, let, get · To what, where: stars, southern sky, flags, 's, tricky overhang, Southern Cross · Speech: someone speaks here

«crux» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: crux in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The most important or difficult part of a problem, question or argument: «The crux of the matter is that we don't have enough money».

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 part	det
2	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	3 important	advmod
3	important	important	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 part	amod
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 difficult	cc
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 important	conj
6	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 have	nsubj:outer
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 problem	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 problem	det
9	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 question	punct
11	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 problem	conj
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 argument	cc
13	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 problem	conj
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	17 crux	punct
15	«	«	PUNCT	_	17 crux	punct
16	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 crux	det
17	crux	crux	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 part	conj
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 matter	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 matter	det
20	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 crux	nmod
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 have	cop
22	that	that	SCONJ	_	26 have	mark
23	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 have	nsubj
24	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 have	aux
25	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	26 have	advmod
26	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
27	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 money	amod
28	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 have	obj
29	»	»	PUNCT	_	26 have	punct
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	26 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is in a quote	present · do-support	the important part of a problem and question or argument and the crux of the matter					have property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: climbing — kept apart, not parsed.

The hardest move or section on a climbing route.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 move	det
2	hardest	hard	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 move	amod
3	move	move	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 section	cc
5	section	section	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 move	conj
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 route	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 route	det
8	climbing	climbing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 route	compound
9	route	route	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 move	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 move	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

Usage: astronomy — kept apart, not parsed.

Crux, the Southern Cross: a small, bright group of stars seen in the southern sky, shown on the flags of Australia and New Zealand.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crux	crux	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Cross	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Cross	det
4	Southern	Southern	PROPN	_	5 Cross	flat
5	Cross	Cross	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Crux	appos
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 group	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 group	det
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 group	amod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 small	punct
10	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 group	amod
11	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Crux	appos
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 stars	case
13	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 group	nmod
14	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 stars	acl
15	in	in	ADP	_	18 sky	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 sky	det
17	southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 sky	amod
18	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 seen	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 shown	punct
20	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 group	conj
21	on	on	ADP	_	23 flags	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 flags	det
23	flags	flag	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 shown	obl
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 Australia	case
25	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 flags	nmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 Zealand	cc
27	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 Zealand	flat
28	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Australia	conj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 group	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	participle		stars not said here		the southern sky			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	show	participle				the flags of Australia and New Zealand			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 1

The crux of the problem is that the bridge is too short.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crux	det
2	crux	crux	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 short	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 problem	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 problem	det
5	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 crux	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 short	cop
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 short	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bridge	det
9	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 short	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 short	cop
11	too	too	ADV	_	12 short	advmod
12	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 short	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the crux of the problem					short property	tree rules

Example 2

Let's get to the crux of the argument.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	's	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Let	obj
3	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Let	xcomp
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 crux	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 crux	det
6	crux	crux	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 get	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 argument	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 argument	det
9	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 crux	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Let	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	imperative	you not said here	's					tree rules
2	get	infinitive	's not said here					to the crux of the argument result	vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to crux=Result

Example 3

The crux of the story is whether the dragon will forgive the knight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crux	det
2	crux	crux	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 forgive	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 story	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 story	det
5	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 crux	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 forgive	cop
7	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	11 forgive	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 dragon	det
9	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 forgive	nsubj
10	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 forgive	aux
11	forgive	forgive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 knight	det
13	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 forgive	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 forgive	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the crux of the story					forgive property	tree rules

Example 4

The crux of the climb was a tricky overhang.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 crux	det
2	crux	crux	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 overhang	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 climb	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 climb	det
5	climb	climb	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 crux	nmod
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 overhang	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 overhang	det
8	tricky	tricky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 overhang	amod
9	overhang	overhang	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 overhang	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the crux of the climb	a tricky overhang					tree rules

Example 5

On the flags of Australia and New Zealand you can see the Southern Cross, called Crux.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	3 flags	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 flags	det
3	flags	flag	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 see	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Australia	case
5	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 flags	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 Zealand	cc
7	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Zealand	flat
8	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Australia	conj
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 see	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 see	aux
11	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Cross	det
13	Southern	Southern	PROPN	_	14 Cross	flat
14	Cross	Cross	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 see	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 called	punct
16	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 Cross	acl
17	Crux	Crux	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 called	xcomp
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 see	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	can	you	the Southern Cross		the flags of Australia and New Zealand			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cross=Stimulus
2	call	participle		the Southern Cross not said here					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 6

Working out what the question asks is the crux of most maths problems.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Working	work	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 crux	csubj
2	out	out	ADP	_	1 Working	compound:prt
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 asks	obj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 question	det
5	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 asks	nsubj
6	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Working	advcl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 crux	cop
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 crux	det
9	crux	crux	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 problems	case
11	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 problems	amod
12	maths	math	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 problems	compound
13	problems	problem	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 crux	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 crux	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	work out	gerund				vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	ask speech: ask	present	the question			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient
3	is a	present	Working	the crux	of most maths problems	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/crux/