cumulus Who acts: Cumulus, Cumulus clouds, tall ones, cumulus cloud, Big cumulonimbus clouds, We · What happens: be, round, mean, grow, float, look · To what, where: type, fine weather, storm clouds, Fluffy cumulus clouds, blue sky, flat bottom · Speech: someone speaks here
«cumulus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cumulus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Cumulus is a type of white, puffy cloud with a flat bottom and a rounded top, like cotton wool.
The tree, 19 words nsubj cop det case amod punct amod nmod case det amod nmod cc det amod conj punct case compound conj punct root Cumulus NOUN is AUX a DET type NOUN of ADP white ADJ , PUNCT puffy ADJ cloud NOUN with ADP a DET flat ADJ bottom NOUN and CCONJ a DET rounded VERB top NOUN , PUNCT like ADP cotton NOUN wool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cumulus cumulus NOUN Number=Sing 4 type nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 type cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 type det 4 type type NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 9 cloud case 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 9 cloud amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 white punct 8 puffy puffy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 cloud amod 9 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing 4 type nmod 10 with with ADP _ 13 bottom case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 bottom det 12 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 13 bottom amod 13 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 9 cloud nmod 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 top cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 top det 16 rounded round VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 top amod 17 top top NOUN Number=Sing 9 cloud conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 wool punct 19 like like ADP _ 21 wool case 20 cotton cotton NOUN Number=Sing 21 wool compound 21 wool wool NOUN Number=Sing 4 type conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 type punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Cumulus a type and cotton wool of white puffy cloud with a flat bottom and a rounded top tree rules 2 round participle vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Cumulus clouds usually mean fine weather, but very tall ones can grow into storm clouds (cumulonimbus).
The tree, 16 words compound nsubj advmod amod obj punct cc advmod amod nsubj aux conj case compound obl punct appos punct punct root Cumulus NOUN clouds NOUN usually ADV mean VERB fine ADJ weather NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ very ADV tall ADJ ones NOUN can AUX grow VERB into ADP storm NOUN clouds NOUN ( PUNCT cumulonimbus NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cumulus cumulus NOUN Number=Sing 2 clouds compound 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 4 mean nsubj 3 usually usually ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 6 weather amod 6 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 13 grow punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 13 grow cc 9 very very ADV _ 10 tall advmod 10 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 11 ones amod 11 ones one NOUN Number=Plur 13 grow nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 grow aux 13 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean conj 14 into into ADP _ 16 clouds case 15 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 16 clouds compound 16 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 13 grow obl 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 cumulonimbus punct 18 cumulonimbus cumulonimbus NOUN Number=Sing 16 clouds appos 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 cumulonimbus punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Cumulus clouds fine weather usually property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weather=Topic 2 grow can tall ones into storm clouds result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into cloud=Result
Example 1 Fluffy cumulus clouds floated across the blue sky.
amod compound acl case det amod obl punct root Fluffy ADJ cumulus NOUN clouds NOUN floated VERB across ADP the DET blue ADJ sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fluffy fluffy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clouds amod 2 cumulus cumulus NOUN Number=Sing 3 clouds compound 3 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 floated float VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 clouds acl 5 across across ADP _ 8 sky case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sky det 7 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sky amod 8 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 4 floated obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 clouds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float participle Fluffy cumulus clouds not said here the blue sky vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across sky=Trajectory
Example 2 Cumulus clouds look like cotton wool.
compound nsubj case compound obl punct root Cumulus NOUN clouds NOUN look VERB like ADP cotton NOUN wool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cumulus cumulus NOUN Number=Sing 2 clouds compound 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 3 look nsubj 3 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 like like ADP _ 6 wool case 5 cotton cotton NOUN Number=Sing 6 wool compound 6 wool wool NOUN Number=Sing 3 look obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present Cumulus clouds like cotton wool vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 3 A cumulus cloud has a flat bottom and a puffy top.
det compound nsubj det amod obj cc det amod conj punct root A DET cumulus NOUN cloud NOUN has VERB a DET flat ADJ bottom NOUN and CCONJ a DET puffy ADJ top NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cloud det 2 cumulus cumulus NOUN Number=Sing 3 cloud compound 3 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bottom det 6 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bottom amod 7 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 top cc 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 top det 10 puffy puffy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 top amod 11 top top NOUN Number=Sing 7 bottom conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a cumulus cloud a flat bottom and a puffy top vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottom=Patient
Example 4 Big cumulonimbus clouds can bring thunderstorms.
amod compound nsubj aux obj punct root Big ADJ cumulonimbus NOUN clouds NOUN can AUX bring VERB thunderstorms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Big big ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clouds amod 2 cumulonimbus cumulonimbus NOUN Number=Sing 3 clouds compound 3 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 5 bring nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 bring aux 5 bring bring VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 thunderstorms thunderstorm NOUN Number=Plur 5 bring obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring can Big cumulonimbus clouds thunderstorms vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent thunderstorm=Theme
Example 5 We drew cumulus, stratus and cirrus clouds in science.
nsubj obj punct conj cc compound conj case nmod punct root We PRON drew VERB cumulus NOUN , PUNCT stratus NOUN and CCONJ cirrus NOUN clouds NOUN in ADP science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 drew nsubj 2 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 cumulus cumulus NOUN Number=Sing 2 drew obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 stratus punct 5 stratus stratus NOUN Number=Sing 3 cumulus conj 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 clouds cc 7 cirrus cirrus NOUN Number=Sing 8 clouds compound 8 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 3 cumulus conj 9 in in ADP _ 10 science case 10 science science NOUN Number=Sing 8 clouds nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past We cumulus and stratus and cirrus clouds in science vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cumulus=Theme
Example 6 The cumulus clouds meant it would stay sunny.
det compound nsubj nsubj aux ccomp xcomp punct root The DET cumulus NOUN clouds NOUN meant VERB it PRON would AUX stay VERB sunny ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 clouds det 2 cumulus cumulus NOUN Number=Sing 3 clouds compound 3 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 4 meant nsubj 4 meant mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 stay nsubj 6 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 stay aux 7 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 meant ccomp 8 sunny sunny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stay xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 meant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean past the cumulus clouds vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stay would it sunny property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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