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cytokine

Who acts: cytokine, cells, Cytokines, you, Scientists, many cytokines · What happens: be, send out, control, fight, tell, go · To what, where: tiny protein, immune system, germs, white blood cells, flu, fever · Speech: someone speaks here

«cytokine» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: cytokine in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

A cytokine is a tiny protein that cells send out as a message, especially to control the body's immune system when fighting germs.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cytokine	det
2	cytokine	cytokine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 protein	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 protein	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 protein	det
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 protein	amod
6	protein	protein	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 send	obj
8	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 send	nsubj
9	send	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 protein	acl:relcl
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 send	compound:prt
11	as	as	ADP	_	13 message	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 message	det
13	message	message	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 send	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 control	punct
15	especially	especially	ADV	_	17 control	advmod
16	to	to	PART	_	17 control	mark
17	control	control	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 protein	parataxis
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 body	det
19	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 system	nmod:poss
20	's	's	PART	_	19 body	case
21	immune	immune	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 system	amod
22	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 control	obj
23	when	when	SCONJ	_	24 fighting	mark
24	fighting	fight	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 control	advcl
25	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 fighting	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 protein	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a cytokine	a tiny protein					tree rules
2	send out	present	cells	a tiny protein				as a message	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
3	control	to-infinitive		the body's immune system				especially property	vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Theme
4	fight	gerund		germs					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Cytokines tell white blood cells where to go.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cytokines	cytokine	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tell	nsubj
2	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cells	amod
4	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cells	compound
5	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tell	obj
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 go	advmod
7	to	to	PART	_	8 go	mark
8	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 tell	ccomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	Cytokines	white blood cells					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent cell=Recipient clause=Topic
2	go not said to happen	to-infinitive							vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

When you have flu, cytokines help cause the fever.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 have	advmod
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 help	advcl
4	flu	flu	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 have	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct
6	cytokines	cytokine	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 help	nsubj
7	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 help	xcomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 fever	det
10	fever	fever	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cause	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	you	flu					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flu=Patient
2	help	present	cytokines						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	cause	infinitive	cytokines not said here	the fever					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fever=Patient

Example 3

Scientists study cytokines to make new medicines.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 study	nsubj
2	study	study	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	cytokines	cytokine	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 study	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 make	mark
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 study	advcl
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 medicines	amod
7	medicines	medicine	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 make	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 study	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present	Scientists	cytokines					vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cytokine=Topic
2	make	to-infinitive	Scientists not said here	new medicines					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset medicine=Product

Example 4

Cytokines are messages sent from one cell to another.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cytokines	cytokine	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 messages	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 messages	cop
3	messages	message	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	sent	send	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 messages	acl
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 cell	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 cell	nummod
7	cell	cell	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sent	obl
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 another	case
9	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	4 sent	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 messages	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Cytokines	messages					tree rules
2	send	participle		messages not said here		one cell		to another	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent from cell=Initial_Location to another=Destination

Example 5

Some cytokines calm the immune system down.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 cytokines	det
2	cytokines	cytokine	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 calm	nsubj
3	calm	calm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 system	det
5	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 system	compound
6	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 calm	obj
7	down	down	ADV	_	3 calm	advmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 calm	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	calm	present	some cytokines	the immune system				down property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus system=Experiencer

Example 6

Too many cytokines at once can make a person very ill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Too	too	ADV	_	2 many	advmod
2	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cytokines	amod
3	cytokines	cytokine	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 make	nsubj
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 once	case
5	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 make	advmod
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 make	aux
7	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 person	det
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 make	obj
10	very	very	ADV	_	11 ill	advmod
11	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 make	xcomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	can	many cytokines	a person				ill, once property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset person=Product

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/cytokine/