disturbance Who acts: you, I, barking dog, Building work, Forecasters, We · What happens: interrupt, stop, rest, work, be, call · To what, where: you, police, disturbance, pen, big disturbance, tropical disturbance · Speech: someone speaks here
«disturbance» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: disturbance in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something that interrupts you or stops you resting or working, like a noise.
The tree, 13 words nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj nsubj xcomp cc conj punct case det obl punct root Something PRON that PRON interrupts VERB you PRON or CCONJ stops VERB you PRON resting VERB or CCONJ working VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET noise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 3 interrupts nsubj 3 interrupts interrupt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 interrupts obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 stops cc 6 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 interrupts conj 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 resting nsubj 8 resting rest VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 stops xcomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 working cc 10 working work VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 resting conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 noise punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 noise case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 noise det 14 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 8 resting obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 interrupt present you tree rules 2 stop present vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 rest gerund you like a noise vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 work gerund you not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Trouble or fighting in a public place.
cc conj case det amod nmod punct root Trouble NOUN or CCONJ fighting NOUN in ADP a DET public ADJ place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 fighting cc 3 fighting fighting NOUN Number=Sing 1 Trouble conj 4 in in ADP _ 7 place case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 place det 6 public public ADJ Degree=Pos 7 place amod 7 place place NOUN Number=Sing 1 Trouble nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Trouble punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
The police were called to a disturbance.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET police NOUN were AUX called VERB to ADP a DET disturbance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 police det 2 police police NOUN Number=Plur 4 called nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 called aux:pass 4 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 disturbance case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 disturbance det 7 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 4 called obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call past · passive the police a disturbance vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to disturbance=Recipient
Meaning 3 A change or upset in something that was calm or normal: a disturbance in the weather; a sleep disturbance.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cc conj case obl nsubj cop acl:relcl cc conj punct det case det nmod punct det compound conj punct root A DET change NOUN or CCONJ upset ADJ in ADP something PRON that PRON was AUX calm ADJ or CCONJ normal ADJ : PUNCT a DET disturbance NOUN in ADP the DET weather NOUN ; PUNCT a DET sleep NOUN disturbance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 change det 2 change change NOUN Number=Sing 14 disturbance nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 upset cc 4 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 2 change conj 5 in in ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 upset obl 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 calm nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 calm cop 9 calm calm ADJ Degree=Pos 6 something acl:relcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 normal cc 11 normal normal ADJ Degree=Pos 9 calm conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 14 disturbance punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 disturbance det 14 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 in in ADP _ 17 weather case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 weather det 17 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 14 disturbance nmod 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 disturbance punct 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 disturbance det 20 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 21 disturbance compound 21 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 14 disturbance conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 14 disturbance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past calm property tree rules 2 be tree rules
Example 1 Sorry for the disturbance, but can I borrow a pen?
case det obl punct cc aux nsubj parataxis det obj punct root Sorry ADJ for ADP the DET disturbance NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ can AUX I PRON borrow VERB a DET pen NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 for for ADP _ 4 disturbance case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 disturbance det 4 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sorry obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 borrow punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 borrow cc 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 borrow aux 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 borrow nsubj 9 borrow borrow VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Sorry parataxis 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 pen det 11 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 9 borrow obj 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Sorry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 borrow can I a pen vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Theme
Example 2 The barking dog caused a disturbance at night.
det compound nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET barking NOUN dog NOUN caused VERB a DET disturbance NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dog det 2 barking barking NOUN Number=Sing 3 dog compound 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused nsubj 4 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 disturbance det 6 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused obj 7 at at ADP _ 8 night case 8 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause past the barking dog a disturbance night vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disturbance=Patient
Example 3 Police were called to a disturbance outside the shop.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case det nmod punct root Police NOUN were AUX called VERB to ADP a DET disturbance NOUN outside ADP the DET shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Police police NOUN Number=Plur 3 called nsubj:pass 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 called aux:pass 3 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 disturbance case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 disturbance det 6 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 3 called obl 7 outside outside ADP _ 9 shop case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 shop det 9 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 6 disturbance nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call past · passive Police a disturbance outside the shop vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to disturbance=Recipient
Example 4 Building work is a big disturbance for the neighbours.
compound nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root Building NOUN work NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ disturbance NOUN for ADP the DET neighbours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Building building NOUN Number=Sing 2 work compound 2 work work NOUN Number=Sing 6 disturbance nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 disturbance cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 disturbance det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 disturbance amod 6 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 neighbours case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 neighbours det 9 neighbours neighbour NOUN Number=Plur 6 disturbance nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 disturbance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Building work a big disturbance for the neighbours tree rules
Example 5 Forecasters watched a tropical disturbance over the sea.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root Forecasters NOUN watched VERB a DET tropical ADJ disturbance NOUN over ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Forecasters forecaster NOUN Number=Plur 2 watched nsubj 2 watched watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 disturbance det 4 tropical tropical ADJ Degree=Pos 5 disturbance amod 5 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obj 6 over over ADP _ 8 sea case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sea det 8 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 2 watched obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 watched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch past Forecasters a tropical disturbance the sea vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disturbance=Theme
Example 6 We worked in silence without any disturbance.
nsubj case obl case det obl punct root We PRON worked VERB in ADP silence NOUN without ADP any DET disturbance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 worked nsubj 2 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 silence case 4 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 2 worked obl 5 without without ADP _ 7 disturbance case 6 any any DET PronType=Ind 7 disturbance det 7 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 2 worked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 worked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work past We without any disturbance; in silence vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in silence=Theme
Example 7 From words they came to blows, and the women, frightened at the disturbance, pelted Tephany with insulting names.
The tree, 18 words case obl nsubj case obl punct cc det nsubj punct acl case det obl punct conj obj case amod obl punct root From ADP words NOUN they PRON came VERB to ADP blows NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET women NOUN , PUNCT frightened VERB at ADP the DET disturbance NOUN , PUNCT pelted VERB Tephany PROPN with ADP insulting ADJ names NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 From from ADP _ 2 words case 2 words word NOUN Number=Plur 4 came obl 3 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to ADP _ 6 blows case 6 blows blow NOUN Number=Plur 4 came obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 17 pelted punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 17 pelted cc 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 women det 10 women woman NOUN Number=Plur 17 pelted nsubj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 frightened punct 12 frightened frighten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 women acl 13 at at ADP _ 15 disturbance case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 disturbance det 15 disturbance disturbance NOUN Number=Sing 12 frightened obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 10 women punct 17 pelted pelt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 came conj 18 Tephany Tephany PROPN Number=Sing 17 pelted obj 19 with with ADP _ 21 names case 20 insulting insulting ADJ Degree=Pos 21 names amod 21 names name NOUN Number=Plur 17 pelted obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past words = word words to blows vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from word=Initial_Location to blow=Destination 2 frighten participle the women not said here the disturbance vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 pelt past the women Tephany with insulting names vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent tephany=Destination with name=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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