downcast
Who acts: Downcast, Downcast eyes, He, downcast girl, team · What happens: mean, look down, be, lose, stand, break · To what, where: match, vase, downcast, goal
«downcast» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: downcast in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
Downcast means sad and gloomy, looking down: she was downcast after losing the match.
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Downcast | downcast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 means | nsubj |
| 2 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 means | xcomp |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 gloomy | cc |
| 5 | gloomy | gloomy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sad | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 looking | punct |
| 7 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 means | conj |
| 8 | down | down | ADP | _ | 7 looking | compound:prt |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 downcast | punct |
| 10 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 downcast | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 downcast | cop |
| 12 | downcast | downcast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 means | parataxis |
| 13 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 14 losing | mark |
| 14 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 downcast | advcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 match | det |
| 16 | match | match | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 losing | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Downcast | sad property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | look down | gerund | Downcast not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | is | past | Downcast | downcast property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | lose | gerund | Downcast not said here | the match | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
Downcast eyes are eyes looking down, often because of shame, shyness or sadness.
The tree, 13 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Downcast | downcast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 eyes | amod |
| 2 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 looking | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 looking | aux |
| 4 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 looking | nsubj |
| 5 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | down | down | ADV | _ | 5 looking | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 shame | punct |
| 8 | often | often | ADV | _ | 11 shame | advmod |
| 9 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 11 shame | case |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 because | fixed |
| 11 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 looking | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 shyness | punct |
| 13 | shyness | shyness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 shame | conj |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 sadness | cc |
| 15 | sadness | sadness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 shame | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 looking | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look down | present · progressive | Downcast eyes | because shame and shyness or sadness; down property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
Example 1
He stood with downcast eyes after breaking the vase.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 stood | nsubj |
| 2 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 eyes | case |
| 4 | downcast | downcast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 eyes | compound |
| 5 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 stood | obl |
| 6 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 7 breaking | mark |
| 7 | breaking | break | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 stood | advcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 vase | det |
| 9 | vase | vase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 breaking | obj |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 stood | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | He | with downcast eyes | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | break | gerund | He not said here | the vase | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vase=Patient |
Example 2
The downcast girl did not reply.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 girl | det |
| 2 | downcast | downcast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 girl | amod |
| 3 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 reply | nsubj |
| 4 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 reply | aux |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 reply | advmod |
| 6 | reply | reply | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 reply | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not reply speech: assert | past · do-support | the downcast girl | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Example 3
Our team looked downcast after the goal was scored against us.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 team | nmod:poss |
| 2 | team | team | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looked | nsubj |
| 3 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | downcast | downcast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looked | obj |
| 5 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 9 scored | mark |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 goal | det |
| 7 | goal | goal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 scored | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 scored | aux:pass |
| 9 | scored | score | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 looked | advcl |
| 10 | against | against | ADP | _ | 11 us | case |
| 11 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 scored | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 looked | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | Our team | downcast | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme downcast=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | score | past · passive | the goal | against us | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/downcast/