duchess Who acts: duchess, woman, Duke, you, bus driver, your · What happens: be, marry, hold, tease, speak, seem · To what, where: woman, rank, friendly way, hospital, crowd, dress · Speech: someone speaks here
«duchess» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: duchess in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A duchess is a woman who is married to a duke, or a woman who holds the rank of duke herself.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case det obl punct cc det appos nsubj acl:relcl det obj case nmod obj punct root A DET duchess NOUN is AUX a DET woman NOUN who PRON is AUX married VERB to ADP a DET duke NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ a DET woman NOUN who PRON holds VERB the DET rank NOUN of ADP duke NOUN herself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 duchess det 2 duchess duchess NOUN Number=Sing 5 woman nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 woman cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 woman det 5 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 married nsubj:pass 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 married aux:pass 8 married marry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 woman acl:relcl 9 to to ADP _ 11 duke case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 duke det 11 duke duke NOUN Number=Sing 8 married obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 woman punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 woman cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 woman det 15 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 5 woman appos 16 who who PRON PronType=Rel 17 holds nsubj 17 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 woman acl:relcl 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 rank det 19 rank rank NOUN Number=Sing 17 holds obj 20 of of ADP _ 21 duke case 21 duke duke NOUN Number=Sing 19 rank nmod 22 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 17 holds obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 woman punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a duchess a woman tree rules 2 marry present · passive a woman to a duke vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to duke=Co-Patient 3 hold present a woman the rank of duke vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent rank=Theme herself=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal, UK — kept apart, not parsed.
"Duchess" is sometimes a friendly or teasing way to speak to a woman, especially one who seems grand.
The tree, 18 words punct nsubj punct cop advmod det amod cc conj mark acl case det obl punct advmod appos nsubj acl:relcl xcomp punct root " PUNCT Duchess NOUN " PUNCT is AUX sometimes ADV a DET friendly ADJ or CCONJ teasing VERB way NOUN to PART speak VERB to ADP a DET woman NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV one NUM who PRON seems VERB grand ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Duchess punct 2 Duchess duchess NOUN Number=Sing 10 way nsubj 3 " " PUNCT _ 2 Duchess punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 way cop 5 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 10 way advmod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 way det 7 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 10 way amod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 teasing cc 9 teasing tease VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 friendly conj 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 to to PART _ 12 speak mark 12 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 way acl 13 to to ADP _ 15 woman case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 woman det 15 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 12 speak obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 one punct 17 especially especially ADV _ 18 one advmod 18 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 15 woman appos 19 who who PRON PronType=Rel 20 seems nsubj 20 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 one acl:relcl 21 grand grand ADJ Degree=Pos 20 seems xcomp 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tease gerund Duchess not said here vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Duchess a friendly way sometimes property tree rules 3 speak speech: other to-infinitive to a woman vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to woman=Co-Agent 4 seem present grand property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The Duchess visited a children's hospital.
det nsubj det nmod:poss case obj punct root The DET Duchess PROPN visited VERB a DET children NOUN 's PART hospital NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Duchess det 2 Duchess Duchess PROPN Number=Sing 3 visited nsubj 3 visited visit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 children det 5 children child NOUN Number=Plur 7 hospital nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 children case 7 hospital hospital NOUN Number=Sing 3 visited obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 visited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 visit past the Duchess a children's hospital vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hospital=Co-Agent
Example 2 The Duke and Duchess waved to the crowd.
det nsubj cc conj case det obl punct root The DET Duke PROPN and CCONJ Duchess PROPN waved VERB to ADP the DET crowd NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Duke det 2 Duke Duke PROPN Number=Sing 5 waved nsubj 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 Duchess cc 4 Duchess Duchess PROPN Number=Sing 2 Duke conj 5 waved wave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 crowd case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 crowd det 8 crowd crowd NOUN Number=Sing 5 waved obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 waved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wave past the Duke and Duchess the crowd vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to crowd=Recipient
Example 3 In the story the duchess wore a dress covered in jewels.
case det obl det nsubj det obj acl case obl punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN the DET duchess NOUN wore VERB a DET dress NOUN covered VERB in ADP jewels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 6 wore obl 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 duchess det 5 duchess duchess NOUN Number=Sing 6 wore nsubj 6 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 dress det 8 dress dress NOUN Number=Sing 6 wore obj 9 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 dress acl 10 in in ADP _ 11 jewels case 11 jewels jewel NOUN Number=Plur 9 covered obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past the duchess a dress the story vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent dress=Theme 2 cover participle a dress not said here in jewels vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in jewel=Theme
Example 4 A duchess is addressed as "Your Grace".
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case punct nmod:poss obl punct punct root A DET duchess NOUN is AUX addressed VERB as ADP " PUNCT Your PRON Grace PROPN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 duchess det 2 duchess duchess NOUN Number=Sing 4 addressed nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 addressed aux:pass 4 addressed address VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 as as ADP _ 8 Grace case 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 Grace punct 7 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 Grace nmod:poss 8 Grace Grace PROPN Number=Sing 4 addressed obl 9 " " PUNCT _ 8 Grace punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 addressed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 address present · passive a duchess as Your Grace vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination
Example 5 The duchess opened the new library.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET duchess NOUN opened VERB the DET new ADJ library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 duchess det 2 duchess duchess NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened nsubj 3 opened open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 library det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 library amod 6 library library NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 opened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open past the duchess the new library vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location library=Theme
Example 6 "Mind your step, Duchess," joked the bus driver.
punct nmod:poss obj punct obl punct punct advcl det compound obj punct root " PUNCT Mind VERB your PRON step NOUN , PUNCT Duchess PROPN , PUNCT " PUNCT joked VERB the DET bus NOUN driver NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Mind punct 2 Mind mind VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 step nmod:poss 4 step step NOUN Number=Sing 2 Mind obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 Duchess punct 6 Duchess Duchess PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mind obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 joked punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 9 joked punct 9 joked joke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 Mind advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 driver det 11 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 12 driver compound 12 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 9 joked obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 Mind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mind in a quote imperative you not said here your step Duchess obl vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Theme 2 joke speech: other past the bus driver vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 step in a quote your nom step «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Meanwhile the Duchess Grumbly was also occupied in attiring herself.
advmod det compound nsubj cop advmod mark advcl obj punct root Meanwhile ADV the DET Duchess PROPN Grumbly PROPN was AUX also ADV occupied ADJ in SCONJ attiring VERB herself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Meanwhile meanwhile ADV _ 7 occupied advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Grumbly det 3 Duchess Duchess PROPN Number=Sing 4 Grumbly compound 4 Grumbly Grumbly PROPN Number=Sing 7 occupied nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 occupied cop 6 also also ADV _ 7 occupied advmod 7 occupied occupied ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 in in SCONJ _ 9 attiring mark 9 attiring attire VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 occupied advcl 10 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 9 attiring obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 occupied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the Duchess Grumbly meanwhile, occupied property tree rules 2 attire gerund the Duchess Grumbly not said here herself = she vn dress-41.1.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herself=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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