duck Who acts: duck, that, 9 ducks, 4 more ducks, ball, mother duck · What happens: be, web, swim, say, have, mean · To what, where: bird, quack, 2 legs, you, score, cricket · Speech: someone speaks here
«duck» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: duck in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A duck is a bird with a flat beak and webbed feet that swims and says «quack». A duck has 2 legs.
Sentence 1: A duck is a bird with a flat beak and webbed feet that swims and says «quack».
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det case det amod nmod cc amod conj nsubj parataxis cc conj punct obj punct punct root A DET duck NOUN is AUX a DET bird NOUN with ADP a DET flat ADJ beak NOUN and CCONJ webbed VERB feet NOUN that PRON swims VERB and CCONJ says VERB « PUNCT quack NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 duck det 2 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing 5 bird nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bird cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 bird det 5 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 9 beak case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 beak det 8 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 9 beak amod 9 beak beak NOUN Number=Sing 5 bird nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 feet cc 11 webbed web VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 feet amod 12 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 9 beak conj 13 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 swims nsubj 14 swims swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bird parataxis 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 says cc 16 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 swims conj 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 quack punct 18 quack quack NOUN Number=Sing 16 says obj 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 quack punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a duck a bird with a flat beak and webbed feet tree rules 2 web participle tree rules 3 swim present that vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 say speech: assert present that not said here quack vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent quack=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: A duck has 2 legs.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET duck NOUN has VERB 2 NUM legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 duck det 2 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 legs nummod 5 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a duck 2 legs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
Meaning 2 To duck means to bend down quickly so you are not hit or seen.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj mark xcomp compound:prt advmod mark nsubj aux:pass advmod advcl cc conj punct root To PART duck NOUN means VERB to PART bend VERB down ADP quickly ADV so SCONJ you PRON are AUX not PART hit VERB or CCONJ seen VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 duck mark 2 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 bend mark 5 bend bend VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 down down ADP _ 5 bend compound:prt 7 quickly quickly ADV _ 5 bend advmod 8 so so SCONJ _ 12 hit mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 hit nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 hit aux:pass 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 hit advmod 12 hit hit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 bend advcl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 seen cc 14 seen see VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 hit conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present duck vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 bend down not said to happen to-infinitive duck not said here quickly property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 not hit present · passive you vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme 4 see participle vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 In cricket, a duck is a score of zero.
case obl punct det nsubj cop det case nmod punct root In ADP cricket NOUN , PUNCT a DET duck NOUN is AUX a DET score NOUN of ADP zero NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 cricket case 2 cricket cricket NOUN Number=Sing 8 score obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 cricket punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 duck det 5 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing 8 score nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 score cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 score det 8 score score NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 zero case 10 zero zero NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 score nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 score punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a duck a score cricket of zero tree rules
Example 1 There are 9 ducks on the pond.
expl nummod nsubj case det nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 9 NUM ducks NOUN on ADP the DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 ducks nummod 4 ducks duck NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 on on ADP _ 7 pond case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pond det 7 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 4 ducks nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 9 ducks on the pond there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 4 more ducks came.
nummod amod nsubj punct root 4 NUM more ADJ ducks NOUN came VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 ducks nummod 2 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 ducks amod 3 ducks duck NOUN Number=Plur 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past 4 more ducks vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Each duck has 2 legs.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET duck NOUN has VERB 2 NUM legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 duck det 2 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 legs nummod 5 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each duck 2 legs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient
Example 4 How many ducks are left if 3 fly away?
advmod amod nsubj aux:pass mark nummod obl:unmarked advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ ducks NOUN are AUX left VERB if SCONJ 3 NUM fly NOUN away ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 ducks amod 3 ducks duck NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 if if SCONJ _ 9 away mark 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 fly nummod 8 fly fly NOUN Number=Sing 9 away obl:unmarked 9 away away ADV _ 5 left advmod 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive many ducks away property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 The duck says quack.
det nsubj obj punct root The DET duck NOUN says VERB quack NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 duck det 2 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 quack quack NOUN Number=Sing 3 says obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the duck quack vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent quack=Topic
Example 6 Duck! The ball is coming.
Sentence 1: Duck!
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Duck duck NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Duck punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: The ball is coming.
det nsubj aux punct root The DET ball NOUN is AUX coming VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 4 coming nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 coming aux 4 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 coming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present · progressive the ball vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The mother duck led her ducklings to the water.
det compound nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root The DET mother NOUN duck NOUN led VERB her PRON ducklings NOUN to ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 duck det 2 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 3 duck compound 3 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing 4 led nsubj 4 led lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 ducklings nmod:poss 6 ducklings duckling NOUN Number=Plur 4 led obj 7 to to ADP _ 9 water case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 water det 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 4 led obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 led punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lead past the mother duck duck's ducklings the water vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent duckling=Theme to water=Destination
Example 8 The batsman was out for a duck.
det nsubj cop advmod case det punct root The DET batsman NOUN was AUX out ADV for ADP a DET duck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 batsman det 2 batsman batsman NOUN Number=Sing 7 duck nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 duck cop 4 out out ADV _ 7 duck advmod 5 for for ADP _ 7 duck case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 duck det 7 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 duck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the batsman for a duck; out property tree rules
Example 9 Out popped the duck and flew away.
advmod det obj cc conj advmod punct root Out ADV popped VERB the DET duck NOUN and CCONJ flew VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Out out ADV _ 2 popped advmod 2 popped pop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 duck det 4 duck duck NOUN Number=Sing 2 popped obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 flew cc 6 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 popped conj 7 away away ADV _ 6 flew advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 popped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pop past the duck out property vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duck=Patient 2 fly away past away property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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