dun Who acts: Dun, they, farmer, moor, She, old · What happens: be, dun, ask, pay, owe, do · To what, where: dull brown colour, horse, someone, them, money, spelling
«dun» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dun in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Dun is a dull greyish-brown colour.
nsubj cop det amod amod punct amod punct root Dun NOUN is AUX a DET dull ADJ greyish ADJ - PUNCT brown ADJ colour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dun dun NOUN Number=Sing 8 colour nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 colour cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 colour det 4 dull dull ADJ Degree=Pos 8 colour amod 5 greyish greyish ADJ Degree=Pos 7 brown amod 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 greyish punct 7 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 8 colour amod 8 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 colour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Dun a dull brown colour tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A dun is a horse of this colour, usually with a darker mane and tail.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det case det nmod punct advmod case det amod appos cc conj punct root A DET dun NOUN is AUX a DET horse NOUN of ADP this DET colour NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV with ADP a DET darker ADJ mane NOUN and CCONJ tail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dun det 2 dun dun NOUN Number=Sing 5 horse nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 horse cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 horse det 5 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 colour case 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 colour det 8 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 5 horse nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 mane punct 10 usually usually ADV _ 14 mane advmod 11 with with ADP _ 14 mane case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 mane det 13 darker dark ADJ Degree=Cmp 14 mane amod 14 mane mane NOUN Number=Sing 5 horse appos 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 tail cc 16 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 14 mane conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 horse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dun a horse of this colour tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.
To dun someone is to keep asking them firmly to pay money they owe.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl obj cop mark xcomp obj advmod mark xcomp obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root To PART dun VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART keep VERB asking VERB them PRON firmly ADV to PART pay VERB money NOUN they PRON owe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 dun mark 2 dun dun VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 keep advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 dun obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 keep cop 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 asking ask VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 keep xcomp 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 asking obj 9 firmly firmly ADV _ 7 asking advmod 10 to to PART _ 11 pay mark 11 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 asking xcomp 12 money money NOUN Number=Sing 11 pay obj 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 owe nsubj 14 owe owe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 money acl:relcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dun to-infinitive someone tree rules 2 is present keep property tree rules 3 ask speech: ask gerund them = they firmly property vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic 4 pay not said to happen to-infinitive money vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset 5 owe present they money not said here vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent money=Theme
Meaning 4 In some dialects «dun» is just a spelling of «done» in very casual writing.
The tree, 14 words case det obl punct nsubj punct cop advmod det mark punct acl punct case advmod amod obl punct root In ADP some DET dialects NOUN « PUNCT dun NOUN » PUNCT is AUX just ADV a DET spelling NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT done VERB » PUNCT in ADP very ADV casual ADJ writing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 dialects case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 dialects det 3 dialects dialect NOUN Number=Plur 10 spelling obl 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 dun punct 5 dun dun NOUN Number=Sing 10 spelling nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 dun punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 spelling cop 8 just just ADV _ 10 spelling advmod 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 spelling det 10 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of SCONJ _ 13 done mark 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 done punct 13 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 spelling acl 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 done punct 15 in in ADP _ 18 writing case 16 very very ADV _ 17 casual advmod 17 casual casual ADJ Degree=Pos 18 writing amod 18 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 13 done obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 10 spelling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present dun a spelling some dialects tree rules 2 do in a quote participle a spelling not said here casual writing vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The farmer rode a dun pony with a black mane.
det nsubj det compound obj case det amod obl punct root The DET farmer NOUN rode VERB a DET dun NOUN pony NOUN with ADP a DET black ADJ mane NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode nsubj 3 rode ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pony det 5 dun dun NOUN Number=Sing 6 pony compound 6 pony pony NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obj 7 with with ADP _ 10 mane case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 mane det 9 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 10 mane amod 10 mane mane NOUN Number=Sing 3 rode obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride past the farmer a dun pony with a black mane vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pony=Theme
Example 2 The moor was dun and brown in winter.
det nsubj cop cc conj case obl punct root The DET moor NOUN was AUX dun ADJ and CCONJ brown ADJ in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 moor det 2 moor moor NOUN Number=Sing 4 dun nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 dun cop 4 dun dun ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 brown cc 6 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 4 dun conj 7 in in ADP _ 8 winter case 8 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 4 dun obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 dun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the moor winter dun property tree rules 2 be the moor not said here tree rules
Example 3 She wore a plain dun coat.
nsubj det amod compound obj punct root She PRON wore VERB a DET plain ADJ dun NOUN coat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wore nsubj 2 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 coat det 4 plain plain ADJ Degree=Pos 6 coat amod 5 dun dun NOUN Number=Sing 6 coat compound 6 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 2 wore obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past She a plain dun coat vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme
Example 4 (old) The landlord dunned him for the rent.
punct nsubj punct det nsubj obj case det obl punct root ( PUNCT old ADJ ) PUNCT The DET landlord NOUN dunned VERB him PRON for ADP the DET rent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 old punct 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dunned nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 old punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 landlord det 5 landlord landlord NOUN Number=Sing 6 dunned nsubj 6 dunned dun VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 dunned obj 8 for for ADP _ 10 rent case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 rent det 10 rent rent NOUN Number=Sing 6 dunned obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 dunned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dun past old landlord for the rent tree rules
Example 5 The sparrow's feathers are dun and grey.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET sparrow NOUN 's PART feathers NOUN are AUX dun ADJ and CCONJ grey ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sparrow det 2 sparrow sparrow NOUN Number=Sing 4 feathers nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 sparrow case 4 feathers feather NOUN Number=Plur 6 dun nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 dun cop 6 dun dun ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 grey cc 8 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dun conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 dun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the sparrow's feathers dun property tree rules 2 be the sparrow's feathers not said here tree rules
Example 6 In the old book, a dun cow grazed in the field.
case det amod obl punct det compound acl case det obl punct root In ADP the DET old ADJ book NOUN , PUNCT a DET dun NOUN cow NOUN grazed VERB in ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 book case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 book det 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 book amod 4 book book NOUN Number=Sing 8 cow obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 book punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cow det 7 dun dun NOUN Number=Sing 8 cow compound 8 cow cow NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 grazed graze VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 cow acl 10 in in ADP _ 12 field case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 field det 12 field field NOUN Number=Sing 9 grazed obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 cow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze participle a dun cow not said here the field vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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