dune Who acts: dune, We, wind, you, Camels, dunes · What happens: be, pile up, climb, shape, keep, protect · To what, where: hill, sand, sand dunes, beach, dunes, desert
«dune» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dune in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A dune is a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind, in a desert or near the sea.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det cc conj case nmod acl compound:prt case det obl punct case det parataxis cc case det conj punct root A DET dune NOUN is AUX a DET hill NOUN or CCONJ ridge NOUN of ADP sand NOUN piled VERB up ADP by ADP the DET wind NOUN , PUNCT in ADP a DET desert NOUN or CCONJ near ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 dune det 2 dune dune NOUN Number=Sing 5 hill nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hill cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 hill det 5 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 ridge cc 7 ridge ridge NOUN Number=Sing 5 hill conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 sand case 9 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 7 ridge nmod 10 piled pile VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 sand acl 11 up up ADP _ 10 piled compound:prt 12 by by ADP _ 14 wind case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 wind det 14 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 10 piled obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 desert punct 16 in in ADP _ 18 desert case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 desert det 18 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 5 hill parataxis 19 or or CCONJ _ 22 sea cc 20 near near ADP _ 22 sea case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 sea det 22 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 18 desert conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 hill punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a dune a hill or ridge of sand tree rules 2 pile up participle sand not said here by the wind vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme by wind=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 We climbed the sand dunes behind the beach.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON climbed VERB the DET sand NOUN dunes NOUN behind ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 climbed nsubj 2 climbed climb VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dunes det 4 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 5 dunes compound 5 dunes dune NOUN Number=Plur 2 climbed obj 6 behind behind ADP _ 8 beach case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 beach det 8 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 2 climbed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 climbed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 climb past We the sand dunes the beach tree rules
Example 2 The wind shapes the dunes in the desert.
det nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root The DET wind NOUN shapes VERB the DET dunes NOUN in ADP the DET desert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wind det 2 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 3 shapes nsubj 3 shapes shape VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dunes det 5 dunes dune NOUN Number=Plur 3 shapes obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 desert case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 desert det 8 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 5 dunes nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 shapes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape present the wind the dunes the desert vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dune=Product
Example 3 Please keep to the path to protect the dunes.
discourse case det obl mark advcl det obj punct root Please INTJ keep VERB to ADP the DET path NOUN to PART protect VERB the DET dunes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 keep discourse 2 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 path case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 path det 5 path path NOUN Number=Sing 2 keep obl 6 to to PART _ 7 protect mark 7 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 keep advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dunes det 9 dunes dune NOUN Number=Plur 7 protect obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here to the path vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 protect to-infinitive you not said here the dunes vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dune=Beneficiary
Example 4 Camels walked slowly over the dunes.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root Camels NOUN walked VERB slowly ADV over ADP the DET dunes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Camels camel NOUN Number=Plur 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 slowly slowly ADV _ 2 walked advmod 4 over over ADP _ 6 dunes case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dunes det 6 dunes dune NOUN Number=Plur 2 walked obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past Camels the dunes slowly property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over dune=Trajectory
Example 5 Some dunes are taller than a house.
det nsubj cop case det obl punct root Some DET dunes NOUN are AUX taller ADJ than ADP a DET house NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 dunes det 2 dunes dune NOUN Number=Plur 4 taller nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 taller cop 4 taller tall ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than ADP _ 7 house case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 house det 7 house house NOUN Number=Sing 4 taller obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 taller punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present some dunes than a house; tall property tree rules
Example 6 We rolled down the soft dune.
nsubj compound:prt det amod obj punct root We PRON rolled VERB down ADP the DET soft ADJ dune NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 rolled nsubj 2 rolled roll VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 rolled compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dune det 5 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dune amod 6 dune dune NOUN Number=Sing 2 rolled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 rolled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll down past We the soft dune vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dune=Agent
Example 7 Grass grows on the dunes and holds the sand in place.
nsubj case det obl cc conj det obj case obl punct root Grass NOUN grows VERB on ADP the DET dunes NOUN and CCONJ holds VERB the DET sand NOUN in ADP place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 grows nsubj 2 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 dunes case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dunes det 5 dunes dune NOUN Number=Plur 2 grows obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 holds cc 7 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 grows conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sand det 9 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 7 holds obj 10 in in ADP _ 11 place case 11 place place NOUN Number=Sing 7 holds obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 grows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Grass the dunes vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on dune=Location 2 hold present Grass not said here the sand place vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sand=Theme in place=Location
Example 8 He went out and walked towards the dunes.
nsubj advmod cc conj case det obl punct root He PRON went VERB out ADV and CCONJ walked VERB towards ADP the DET dunes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADV _ 2 went advmod 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 walked cc 5 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 went conj 6 towards towards ADP _ 8 dunes case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 dunes det 8 dunes dune NOUN Number=Plur 5 walked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go out past He out property vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 walk past He not said here the dunes vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards dune=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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