esquire

Who acts: man, young man, Thomas Brown, esquire, young esquire, Old letters · What happens: write, shorten, name, serve, carry, use · To what, where: polite title, old letters, knight, history, shield, title

«esquire» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: esquire in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A polite title written after a man's name in old letters and on envelopes, shortened to «Esq.».

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 title	det
2	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 title	amod
3	title	title	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 title	acl
5	after	after	ADP	_	9 name	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 man	det
7	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 name	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 man	case
9	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 written	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 letters	case
11	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 letters	amod
12	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 written	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 envelopes	cc
14	on	on	ADP	_	15 envelopes	case
15	envelopes	envelope	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 letters	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 shortened	punct
17	shortened	shorten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 title	acl
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 Esq	case
19	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 Esq	punct
20	Esq	esq	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 shortened	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 title	punct
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 title	punct
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 title	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	participle		a polite title not said here	old letters and envelopes	after a man's name		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in letter=Destination
2	shorten	participle		a polite title not said here			to Esq	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	name		a man					nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

John Smith, Esq.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	John	John	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	Smith	Smith	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 John	flat
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Esq	punct
4	Esq	Esq	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 John	conj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 John	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

In history, a young man of good family who served a knight and carried his shield; a squire.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 history	case
2	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 served	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 history	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 man	det
5	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 man	amod
6	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 served	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 family	case
8	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 family	amod
9	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 man	nmod
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 served	nsubj
11	served	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 knight	det
13	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 served	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 carried	cc
15	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 served	conj
16	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 shield	nmod:poss
17	shield	shield	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 carried	obj
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 squire	punct
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 squire	det
20	squire	squire	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 served	parataxis
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 served	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	past	a young man of good family	a knight		history			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent knight=Value in history=Location
2	carry	past	a young man of good family not said here	man's shield					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shield=Theme

Meaning 3

Usage: USA — kept apart, not parsed.

A title used after the names of lawyers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 title	det
2	title	title	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 title	acl
4	after	after	ADP	_	6 names	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 names	det
6	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 lawyers	case
8	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 names	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 title	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle		a title not said here			after the names of lawyers		vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	name			lawyers					nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

The letter was addressed to «Thomas Brown, Esq.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 letter	det
2	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 addressed	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 addressed	aux:pass
4	addressed	address	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	8 Brown	mark
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 Brown	punct
7	Thomas	Thomas	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Brown	compound
8	Brown	Brown	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 addressed	obl:agent
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 Esq	punct
10	Esq	Esq	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Brown	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 addressed	punct
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 addressed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	address	past · passive	Thomas Brown and Esq	the letter					vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Destination

Example 2

In the Middle Ages, an esquire carried the knight's shield.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 Ages	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Ages	det
3	Middle	Middle	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Ages	flat
4	Ages	Age	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 carried	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 carried	punct
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 esquire	det
7	esquire	esquire	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 carried	nsubj
8	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 knight	det
10	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 shield	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 knight	case
12	shield	shield	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 carried	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 carried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	past	a esquire	the knight's shield			in the Middle Ages		vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shield=Value in age=Location

Example 3

The young esquire hoped to become a knight one day.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 esquire	det
2	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 esquire	amod
3	esquire	esquire	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hoped	nsubj
4	hoped	hope	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 become	mark
6	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 hoped	xcomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 knight	det
8	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 become	xcomp
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 day	nummod
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 knight	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 hoped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hope	past	the young esquire						vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	become not said to happen	to-infinitive	the young esquire not said here	a knight and one day					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Example 4

Old letters often wrote «Esq.» after a gentleman's name.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 letters	amod
2	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 wrote	nsubj
3	often	often	ADV	_	4 wrote	advmod
4	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 Esq	punct
6	Esq	esq	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wrote	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 Esq	punct
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 Esq	punct
9	after	after	ADP	_	13 name	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 gentleman	det
11	gentleman	gentleman	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 name	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 gentleman	case
13	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wrote	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 wrote	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	past	Old letters	Esq			after a gentleman's name	often property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent esq=Theme
2	name		a gentleman						nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 5

In the USA some lawyers write «Esq.» after their names.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 USA	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 USA	det
3	USA	USA	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 write	obl
4	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	5 lawyers	det
5	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 write	nsubj
6	write	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 Esq	punct
8	Esq	esq	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 write	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 write	punct
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 write	punct
11	after	after	ADP	_	13 names	case
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 names	nmod:poss
13	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 write	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present	some lawyers	Esq		the USA	after lawyers's names		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent esq=Theme in usa=Destination
2	name		lawyers = lawyer						nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 6

The esquire helped his knight put on his armour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 esquire	det
2	esquire	esquire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 helped	nsubj
3	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 knight	nmod:poss
5	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 helped	obj
6	put	put	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 helped	xcomp
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 armour	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 armour	nmod:poss
9	armour	armour	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 put	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 helped	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	past	the esquire	esquire's knight					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent knight=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	put	participle	esquire's knight not said here			esquire's armour			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on armour=Destination

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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