fall Who acts: Fall, leaves, someone, Falls, you, ill · What happens: fall, mean, drop down, be, drop, sleep · To what, where: ground, amount, autumn, time, waterfall, tree · Speech: someone speaks here
«fall» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fall in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To fall means to drop down toward the ground.
mark csubj mark xcomp compound:prt case det obl punct root To PART fall VERB means VERB to PART drop VERB down ADP toward ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fall mark 2 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 drop mark 5 drop drop VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 down down ADP _ 5 drop compound:prt 7 toward toward ADP _ 9 ground case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 ground det 9 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 5 drop obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall to-infinitive vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 drop down not said to happen to-infinitive the ground vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme toward ground=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To fall is to go down in amount, like prices or temperatures.
mark csubj cop mark advmod case obl punct case parataxis cc conj punct root To PART fall VERB is AUX to PART go VERB down ADV in ADP amount NOUN , PUNCT like ADP prices NOUN or CCONJ temperatures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fall mark 2 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 go csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 go cop 4 to to PART _ 5 go mark 5 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 down down ADV _ 5 go advmod 7 in in ADP _ 8 amount case 8 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 5 go obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 prices punct 10 like like ADP _ 11 prices case 11 prices price NOUN Number=Plur 5 go parataxis 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 temperatures cc 13 temperatures temperature NOUN Number=Plur 11 prices conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall to-infinitive vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present amount down, go property tree rules
Meaning 3 Fall (in the USA and Canada) is autumn, the season after summer, when leaves fall.
The tree, 15 words nsubj punct case det appos cc conj punct cop punct det appos case nmod punct mark nsubj conj punct root Fall NOUN ( PUNCT in ADP the DET USA PROPN and CCONJ Canada PROPN ) PUNCT is AUX autumn NOUN , PUNCT the DET season NOUN after ADP summer NOUN , PUNCT when SCONJ leaves NOUN fall VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 10 autumn nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 USA punct 3 in in ADP _ 5 USA case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 USA det 5 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 1 Fall appos 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 Canada cc 7 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 5 USA conj 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 USA punct 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 autumn cop 10 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 season punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 season det 13 season season NOUN Number=Sing 10 autumn appos 14 after after ADP _ 15 summer case 15 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 13 season nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 fall punct 17 when when SCONJ _ 19 fall mark 18 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 19 fall nsubj 19 fall fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 autumn conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 10 autumn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Fall autumn tree rules 2 fall present leaves vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 A fall is a time when someone or something drops.
det nsubj cop det advmod nsubj cc conj nmod punct root A DET fall NOUN is AUX a DET time NOUN when ADV someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON drops NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 fall det 2 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 5 time nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 time cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 drops advmod 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 drops nsubj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 something cc 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 someone conj 10 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur 5 time nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a fall a time tree rules 2 drop someone tree rules
Meaning 5 Falls are a waterfall, like Niagara Falls.
nsubj cop det punct case compound appos punct root Falls NOUN are AUX a DET waterfall NOUN , PUNCT like ADP Niagara PROPN Falls PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Falls fall NOUN Number=Plur 4 waterfall nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 waterfall cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 waterfall det 4 waterfall waterfall NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 Falls punct 6 like like ADP _ 8 Falls case 7 Niagara Niagara PROPN Number=Sing 8 Falls compound 8 Falls Falls PROPN Number=Plur 4 waterfall appos 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 waterfall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Falls a waterfall tree rules
Meaning 6 To fall asleep is to begin to sleep.
mark advcl xcomp cop mark mark xcomp punct root To PART fall VERB asleep ADJ is AUX to PART begin VERB to PART sleep VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fall mark 2 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 begin advcl 3 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos 2 fall xcomp 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 begin cop 5 to to PART _ 6 begin mark 6 begin begin VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 sleep mark 8 sleep sleep VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 begin xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 begin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall to-infinitive asleep property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present begin property tree rules 3 sleep to-infinitive vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 7 Fall ill means to become sick.
nsubj ccomp mark xcomp xcomp punct root Fall VERB ill ADJ means VERB to PART become VERB sick ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fall fall VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Fall ccomp 4 to to PART _ 5 become mark 5 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos 5 become xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Fall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall imperative you not said here vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 mean present ill vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 become not said to happen to-infinitive ill not said here sick property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 1 5 apples fell from the tree.
nummod nsubj case det obl punct root 5 NUM apples NOUN fell VERB from ADP the DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 apples nummod 2 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 6 tree case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tree det 6 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past 5 apples the tree vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial_Location
Example 2 The temperature falls 3 degrees.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET temperature NOUN falls VERB 3 NUM degrees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 temperature det 2 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 3 falls nsubj 3 falls fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 degrees nummod 5 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 3 falls obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 falls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall present the temperature 3 degrees vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient degree=Result
Example 3 In the fall she picked 40 apples.
case det obl nsubj nummod obj punct root In ADP the DET fall NOUN she PRON picked VERB 40 NUM apples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 fall case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fall det 3 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 5 picked obl 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 picked nsubj 5 picked pick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 apples nummod 7 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 5 picked obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 picked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick past she 40 apples the fall vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient
Example 4 How many leaves are left after 12 fall?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case nummod obl punct root How ADV many ADJ leaves NOUN are AUX left VERB after ADP 12 NUM fall NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 leaves amod 3 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 after after ADP _ 8 fall case 7 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 fall nummod 8 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 5 left obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive many leaves after 12 fall vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 Hold the rail so you don't fall.
det obj advmod nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root Hold VERB the DET rail NOUN so ADV you PRON do AUX n't PART fall VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rail det 3 rail rail NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hold obj 4 so so ADV _ 8 fall advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 fall nsubj 6 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 fall aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 fall advmod 8 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Hold advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold imperative you not said here the rail vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rail=Theme 2 not fall present · do-support you vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Snow fell all night.
nsubj det obl:unmarked punct root Snow NOUN fell VERB all DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 2 fell nsubj 2 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 night det 4 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 fell obl:unmarked 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past Snow night vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Leaves turn red in the fall.
nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root Leaves NOUN turn VERB red ADJ in ADP the DET fall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 turn nsubj 2 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 2 turn xcomp 4 in in ADP _ 6 fall case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 fall det 6 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 2 turn obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present Leaves the fall red property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in fall=Trajectory
Example 8 The baby fell asleep in the car.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl punct root The DET baby NOUN fell VERB asleep ADJ in ADP the DET car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fell xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 car case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 car det 7 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past the baby the car asleep property vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in car=Location
Example 9 We visited Niagara Falls.
nsubj compound obj punct root We PRON visited VERB Niagara PROPN Falls PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 visited nsubj 2 visited visit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Niagara Niagara PROPN Number=Sing 4 Falls compound 4 Falls Falls PROPN Number=Plur 2 visited obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 visited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 visit past We Niagara Falls vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent falls=Co-Agent
Example 10 Then he fell ill and died.
advmod nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root Then ADV he PRON fell VERB ill ADJ and CCONJ died VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 fell advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fell xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 died cc 6 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 fell conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past he then ill property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 die past he not said here vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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