fallacy Who acts: fallacy, many people, that, It, we, Everyone · What happens: be, believe, make, sound, use, do · To what, where: false idea, mistake, logic, argument, fallacy, it · Speech: someone speaks here
«fallacy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fallacy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A fallacy is a false idea that many people believe.
det nsubj cop det amod mark amod nsubj acl punct root A DET fallacy NOUN is AUX a DET false ADJ idea NOUN that SCONJ many ADJ people NOUN believe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 fallacy det 2 fallacy fallacy NOUN Number=Sing 6 idea nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 idea cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 idea det 5 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 6 idea amod 6 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that SCONJ _ 10 believe mark 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 people amod 9 people people NOUN Number=Plur 10 believe nsubj 10 believe believe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 idea acl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 idea punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a fallacy a false idea tree rules 2 believe present many people a false idea not said here vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer idea=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In logic, a fallacy is a mistake in reasoning that makes an argument wrong, even if it sounds convincing.
The tree, 19 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det case nmod nsubj parataxis det obj xcomp punct advmod mark nsubj conj xcomp punct root In ADP logic NOUN , PUNCT a DET fallacy NOUN is AUX a DET mistake NOUN in ADP reasoning NOUN that PRON makes VERB an DET argument NOUN wrong ADJ , PUNCT even ADV if SCONJ it PRON sounds VERB convincing ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 logic case 2 logic logic NOUN Number=Sing 8 mistake obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 logic punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fallacy det 5 fallacy fallacy NOUN Number=Sing 8 mistake nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 mistake cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 mistake det 8 mistake mistake NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 in in ADP _ 10 reasoning case 10 reasoning reasoning NOUN Number=Sing 8 mistake nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 makes nsubj 12 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 mistake parataxis 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 argument det 14 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 12 makes obj 15 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 12 makes xcomp 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 sounds punct 17 even even ADV _ 20 sounds advmod 18 if if SCONJ _ 20 sounds mark 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 sounds nsubj 20 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 makes conj 21 convincing convincing ADJ Degree=Pos 20 sounds xcomp 22 . . PUNCT _ 8 mistake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a fallacy a mistake logic in reasoning tree rules 2 make present that a argument wrong property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset argument=Product 3 sound a condition, not said to happen present fallacy convincing property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 It is a fallacy that we only use ten percent of our brains.
nsubj cop det obj nsubj advmod acl:relcl nummod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root It PRON is AUX a DET fallacy NOUN that PRON we PRON only ADV use VERB ten NUM percent NOUN of ADP our PRON brains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 fallacy nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fallacy cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 fallacy det 4 fallacy fallacy NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 use obj 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 use nsubj 7 only only ADV _ 8 use advmod 8 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 fallacy acl:relcl 9 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 percent nummod 10 percent percent NOUN Number=Sing 8 use obj 11 of of ADP _ 13 brains case 12 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 brains nmod:poss 13 brains brain NOUN Number=Plur 10 percent nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 fallacy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a fallacy tree rules 2 use present we a fallacy tree rules
Example 2 «Everyone's doing it» is a fallacy, not a reason.
punct nsubj aux csubj obj punct cop det punct advmod det conj punct root « PUNCT Everyone PRON 's AUX doing VERB it PRON » PUNCT is AUX a DET fallacy NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET reason NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 doing punct 2 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 doing nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 doing aux 4 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 fallacy csubj 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 doing obj 6 » » PUNCT _ 4 doing punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 fallacy cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 fallacy det 9 fallacy fallacy NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 reason punct 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 reason advmod 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 reason det 13 reason reason NOUN Number=Sing 9 fallacy conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 fallacy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote present · progressive Everyone it vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality 2 is a present doing a fallacy and a reason tree rules
Example 3 The gambler's fallacy fools lots of people.
det nmod:poss case nsubj obj case nmod punct root The DET gambler NOUN 's PART fallacy NOUN fools VERB lots NOUN of ADP people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 gambler det 2 gambler gambler NOUN Number=Sing 4 fallacy nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 gambler case 4 fallacy fallacy NOUN Number=Sing 5 fools nsubj 5 fools fool VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 5 fools obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 people case 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 lots nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 fools punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fool present the gambler's fallacy lots of people vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient
Example 4 She pointed out the fallacy in his argument.
nsubj compound:prt det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON pointed VERB out ADP the DET fallacy NOUN in ADP his PRON argument NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 pointed nsubj 2 pointed point VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADP _ 2 pointed compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 fallacy det 5 fallacy fallacy NOUN Number=Sing 2 pointed obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 argument case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 argument nmod:poss 8 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 2 pointed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 pointed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 point out past She the fallacy in his argument vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent fallacy=Patient in argument=Theme 2 argue his = he nom argument «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 It's a common fallacy that bats are blind.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj nsubj cop acl:relcl punct root It PRON 's AUX a DET common ADJ fallacy NOUN that PRON bats NOUN are AUX blind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 fallacy nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fallacy cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fallacy det 4 common common ADJ Degree=Pos 5 fallacy amod 5 fallacy fallacy NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 blind nsubj 7 bats bat NOUN Number=Plur 9 blind nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 blind cop 9 blind blind ADJ Degree=Pos 5 fallacy acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 fallacy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a common fallacy tree rules 2 is present a common fallacy blind property tree rules
Example 6 Name-calling instead of answering is a fallacy.
nsubj punct conj mark fixed advcl cop det punct root Name NOUN - PUNCT calling VERB instead ADV of ADP answering VERB is AUX a DET fallacy NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Name name NOUN Number=Sing 9 fallacy nsubj 2 - - PUNCT _ 3 calling punct 3 calling call VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Name conj 4 instead instead ADV ExtPos=SCONJ 6 answering mark 5 of of ADP _ 4 instead fixed 6 answering answer VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 calling advcl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 fallacy cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 fallacy det 9 fallacy fallacy NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 fallacy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call gerund Name not said here vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 answer speech: assert gerund Name not said here vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is a present Name a fallacy tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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