fog Who acts: ground, you, glasses, fog, we, Drivers · What happens: make, see, cloud, cover, not see, fog up · To what, where: ground, tiny water drops, water, house, fog, foghorn · Speech: someone speaks here
«fog» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: fog in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A thick cloud of tiny water drops near the ground that makes it hard to see.
The tree, 16 words det amod case amod compound nmod case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp mark xcomp punct root A DET thick ADJ cloud NOUN of ADP tiny ADJ water NOUN drops NOUN near ADP the DET ground NOUN that PRON makes VERB it PRON hard ADJ to PART see VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 cloud det 2 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cloud amod 3 cloud cloud NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 7 drops case 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 drops amod 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 drops compound 7 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur 3 cloud nmod 8 near near ADP _ 10 ground case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 ground det 10 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 7 drops nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 makes nsubj 12 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 ground acl:relcl 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 makes obj 14 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 12 makes xcomp 15 to to PART _ 16 see mark 16 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 hard xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 cloud punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the ground ground hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 2 see to-infinitive ground not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 cloud tiny water drops near the ground nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A state of confusion.
det case nmod punct root A DET state NOUN of ADP confusion NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 state det 2 state state NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 confusion case 4 confusion confusion NOUN Number=Sing 2 state nmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 state punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"in a fog".
punct case det punct punct root " PUNCT in ADP a DET fog NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 fog punct 2 in in ADP _ 4 fog case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 fog det 4 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 fog punct 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 fog punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 As a verb, to become covered with tiny drops of water so you cannot see through it.
The tree, 18 words case det obl punct mark aux:pass case amod obl case nmod mark nsubj aux advmod advcl case obl punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT to PART become VERB covered VERB with ADP tiny ADJ drops NOUN of ADP water NOUN so SCONJ you PRON can AUX not PART see VERB through ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 7 covered obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 become punct 5 to to PART _ 6 become mark 6 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 covered aux:pass 7 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 with with ADP _ 10 drops case 9 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 10 drops amod 10 drops drop NOUN Number=Plur 7 covered obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 water case 12 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 drops nmod 13 so so SCONJ _ 17 see mark 14 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 17 see nsubj 15 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 17 see aux 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 see advmod 17 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 covered advcl 18 through through ADP _ 19 it case 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 see obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover infinitive · passive as a verb; with tiny drops of water vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: with drop=Theme 2 not see can you water vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"My glasses fogged up."
punct nmod:poss nsubj compound:prt punct punct root " PUNCT My PRON glasses NOUN fogged VERB up ADP . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 fogged punct 2 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 glasses nmod:poss 3 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 4 fogged nsubj 4 fogged fog VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 fogged compound:prt 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 fogged punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 4 fogged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fog up in a quote participle My glasses vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 1 The fog was so thick we couldn't see the house.
det nsubj cop advmod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl det obj punct root The DET fog NOUN was AUX so ADV thick ADJ we PRON could AUX n't PART see VERB the DET house NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fog det 2 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 5 thick nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 thick cop 4 so so ADV _ 5 thick advmod 5 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 see nsubj 7 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 see aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 see advmod 9 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 thick acl:relcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 house det 11 house house NOUN Number=Sing 9 see obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 thick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the fog thick property tree rules 2 not see could we the house vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer house=Stimulus
Example 2 Drivers must slow down in fog.
nsubj aux compound:prt case obl punct root Drivers NOUN must AUX slow VERB down ADP in ADP fog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Drivers driver NOUN Number=Plur 3 slow nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 slow aux 3 slow slow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 down down ADP _ 3 slow compound:prt 5 in in ADP _ 6 fog case 6 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 3 slow obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 slow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slow down must Drivers fog vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 The ship sounded its foghorn.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET ship NOUN sounded VERB its PRON foghorn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ship det 2 ship ship NOUN Number=Sing 3 sounded nsubj 3 sounded sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 foghorn nmod:poss 5 foghorn foghorn NOUN Number=Sing 3 sounded obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 sounded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound past the ship ship's foghorn vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foghorn=Theme
Example 4 My glasses fogged up when I came inside.
nmod:poss nsubj compound:prt advmod nsubj advcl advmod punct root My PRON glasses NOUN fogged VERB up ADP when ADV I PRON came VERB inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 glasses nmod:poss 2 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 3 fogged nsubj 3 fogged fog VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 up up ADP _ 3 fogged compound:prt 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 came advmod 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 came nsubj 7 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 fogged advcl 8 inside inside ADV _ 7 came advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 fogged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fog up participle My glasses vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 come past I inside property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The bathroom mirror fogs up after a shower.
det compound nsubj compound:prt case det obl punct root The DET bathroom NOUN mirror NOUN fogs VERB up ADP after ADP a DET shower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mirror det 2 bathroom bathroom NOUN Number=Sing 3 mirror compound 3 mirror mirror NOUN Number=Sing 4 fogs nsubj 4 fogs fog VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 fogs compound:prt 6 after after ADP _ 8 shower case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 shower det 8 shower shower NOUN Number=Sing 4 fogs obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 fogs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fog up present the bathroom mirror after a shower vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 6 Wear bright clothes on foggy mornings.
amod obj case amod nmod punct root Wear VERB bright ADJ clothes NOUN on ADP foggy ADJ mornings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 3 clothes amod 3 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 1 Wear obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 mornings case 5 foggy foggy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 mornings amod 6 mornings morning NOUN Number=Plur 3 clothes nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here bright clothes on foggy mornings vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent clothes=Source
Example 7 "If the fog would only clear away!" he said.
punct mark det nsubj aux advmod ccomp advmod punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT If SCONJ the DET fog NOUN would AUX only ADV clear VERB away ADV ! PUNCT " PUNCT he PRON said VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 7 clear punct 2 If if SCONJ _ 7 clear mark 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 fog det 4 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 7 clear nsubj 5 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 clear aux 6 only only ADV _ 7 clear advmod 7 clear clear VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 said ccomp 8 away away ADV _ 7 clear advmod 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 7 clear punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 7 clear punct 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 said nsubj 12 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 . . PUNCT _ 12 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clear away a condition, not said to happen, in a quote would the fog away property vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source 2 say speech: express past fog vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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