frail Who acts: Frail, great grandmother, He, you, people, baby bird · What happens: mean, hurt, break, be, walk, look · To what, where: frail, frail old bridge, wind, seat, bus · Speech: someone speaks here
«frail» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: frail in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Frail means weak and easily hurt, often because of old age or illness.
The tree, 13 words nsubj xcomp cc advmod conj punct advmod case fixed amod obl cc conj punct root Frail NOUN means VERB weak ADJ and CCONJ easily ADV hurt VERB , PUNCT often ADV because ADP of ADP old ADJ age NOUN or CCONJ illness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frail frail NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 weak weak ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 hurt cc 5 easily easily ADV _ 6 hurt advmod 6 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 weak conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 age punct 8 often often ADV _ 12 age advmod 9 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 12 age case 10 of of ADP _ 9 because fixed 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 12 age amod 12 age age NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 illness cc 14 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 12 age conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Frail because old age or illness weak property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 hurt participle Frail not said here easily property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Frail means easily broken, delicate.
nsubj advmod ccomp punct conj punct root Frail NOUN means VERB easily ADV broken VERB , PUNCT delicate ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frail frail NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 easily easily ADV _ 4 broken advmod 4 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 delicate punct 6 delicate delicate ADJ Degree=Pos 4 broken conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Frail vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 break participle easily property vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 My great-grandmother is frail and walks with a stick.
nmod:poss amod punct nsubj cop cc conj case det obl punct root My PRON great ADJ - PUNCT grandmother NOUN is AUX frail ADJ and CCONJ walks VERB with ADP a DET stick NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 grandmother nmod:poss 2 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 grandmother amod 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 great punct 4 grandmother grandmother NOUN Number=Sing 6 frail nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 frail cop 6 frail frail ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 walks cc 8 walks walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 frail conj 9 with with ADP _ 11 stick case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 stick det 11 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 8 walks obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 frail punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My great grandmother frail property tree rules 2 walk present My great grandmother not said here with a stick vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 He looked frail after his long illness.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root He PRON looked VERB frail NOUN after ADP his PRON long ADJ illness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 frail frail NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obj 4 after after ADP _ 7 illness case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 illness nmod:poss 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 illness amod 7 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past He frail after his long illness vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme frail=Attribute
Example 3 Be gentle with frail people; they can fall easily.
cop case amod obl punct nsubj aux parataxis advmod punct root Be AUX gentle ADJ with ADP frail ADJ people NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON can AUX fall VERB easily ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 gentle cop 2 gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 people case 4 frail frail ADJ Degree=Pos 5 people amod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 gentle obl 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 fall punct 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 fall nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 fall aux 9 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 gentle parataxis 10 easily easily ADV _ 9 fall advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 gentle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is imperative you not said here with frail people; gentle property tree rules 2 fall can people easily property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The frail old bridge wobbled in the wind.
det amod amod acl case det obl punct root The DET frail ADJ old ADJ bridge NOUN wobbled VERB in ADP the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 bridge det 2 frail frail ADJ Degree=Pos 4 bridge amod 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 bridge amod 4 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 wobbled wobble VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 bridge acl 6 in in ADP _ 8 wind case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 wind det 8 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 5 wobbled obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 bridge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wobble participle the frail old bridge not said here the wind vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location
Example 5 Offer your seat to someone frail on the bus.
nmod:poss obj case compound obl case det obl punct root Offer VERB your PRON seat NOUN to ADP someone PRON frail NOUN on ADP the DET bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Offer offer VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 seat nmod:poss 3 seat seat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Offer obj 4 to to ADP _ 6 frail case 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 frail compound 6 frail frail NOUN Number=Sing 1 Offer obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 bus case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bus det 9 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 1 Offer obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Offer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 offer imperative you not said here your seat the bus to someone frail goal vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent seat=Theme to frail=Goal
Example 6 The baby bird was tiny and frail.
det compound nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET baby NOUN bird NOUN was AUX tiny ADJ and CCONJ frail ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bird det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 bird compound 3 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 5 tiny nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 tiny cop 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 frail cc 7 frail frail ADJ Degree=Pos 5 tiny conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 tiny punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the baby bird tiny property tree rules 2 be the baby bird not said here tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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