frostbitten Who acts: skin, frost, you, Frostbitten skin, explorers · What happens: frostbite, mean, injure, freeze, damage, wear · To what, where: fingers, Frostbitten plants, toes, gloves, frostbitten tomato plants, frostbitten skin · Speech: someone speaks here
«frostbitten» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: frostbitten in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Frostbitten means injured by extreme cold, so that skin and the flesh under it freeze, especially on fingers, toes, ears and nose.
The tree, 22 words nsubj ccomp case amod obl punct mark mark nsubj cc det conj case nmod conj punct advmod case obj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root Frostbitten VERB means VERB injured VERB by ADP extreme ADJ cold ADJ , PUNCT so SCONJ that SCONJ skin NOUN and CCONJ the DET flesh NOUN under ADP it PRON freeze VERB , PUNCT especially ADV on ADP fingers NOUN , PUNCT toes NOUN , PUNCT ears NOUN and CCONJ nose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frostbitten frostbite VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 injured injure VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 by by ADP _ 6 cold case 5 extreme extreme ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cold amod 6 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 3 injured obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 16 freeze punct 8 so so SCONJ _ 16 freeze mark 9 that that SCONJ _ 10 skin mark 10 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 16 freeze nsubj 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 flesh cc 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 flesh det 13 flesh flesh NOUN Number=Sing 10 skin conj 14 under under ADP _ 15 it case 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 flesh nmod 16 freeze freeze VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 means conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 fingers punct 18 especially especially ADV _ 20 fingers advmod 19 on on ADP _ 20 fingers case 20 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 16 freeze obj 21 , , PUNCT _ 22 toes punct 22 toes toe NOUN Number=Plur 20 fingers conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 ears punct 24 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 20 fingers conj 25 and and CCONJ _ 26 nose cc 26 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 20 fingers conj 27 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frostbite participle tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 injure participle by extreme cold tree rules 4 freeze infinitive skin and the flesh under flesh fingers and toes and ears and nose vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient finger=Result
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Frostbitten plants have been damaged by frost.
amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case obl punct root Frostbitten VERB plants NOUN have AUX been AUX damaged VERB by ADP frost NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frostbitten frostbite VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 plants amod 2 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 damaged nsubj:pass 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 damaged aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 damaged aux:pass 5 damaged damage VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by ADP _ 7 frost case 7 frost frost NOUN Number=Sing 5 damaged obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 damaged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frostbite participle tree rules 2 damage present · perfect · passive frost Frostbitten plants vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
Example 1 The climber's toes were frostbitten.
det nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root The DET climber NOUN 's PART toes NOUN were AUX frostbitten VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 climber det 2 climber climber NOUN Number=Sing 4 toes nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 climber case 4 toes toe NOUN Number=Plur 6 frostbitten nsubj:pass 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 frostbitten aux:pass 6 frostbitten frostbite VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 frostbitten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 frostbite past · passive the climber's toes tree rules
Example 2 Wear gloves or your fingers might get frostbitten.
obj cc nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux aux:pass conj punct root Wear VERB gloves NOUN or CCONJ your PRON fingers NOUN might AUX get AUX frostbitten VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wear wear VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 gloves glove NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wear obj 3 or or CCONJ _ 8 frostbitten cc 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 fingers nmod:poss 5 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 8 frostbitten nsubj:pass 6 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 frostbitten aux 7 get get AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 frostbitten aux:pass 8 frostbitten frostbite VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Wear conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear imperative you not said here gloves vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme 2 frostbite might · passive your fingers tree rules
Example 3 Frostbitten skin turns white and numb.
amod nsubj xcomp cc conj punct root Frostbitten ADJ skin NOUN turns VERB white ADJ and CCONJ numb ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frostbitten frostbitten ADJ Degree=Pos 2 skin amod 2 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 3 turns nsubj 3 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 3 turns xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 numb cc 6 numb numb ADJ Degree=Pos 4 white conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 turns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present Frostbitten skin white property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The explorers came back tired and frostbitten.
det nsubj advmod xcomp cc conj punct root The DET explorers NOUN came VERB back ADV tired ADJ and CCONJ frostbitten VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 explorers det 2 explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 back back ADV _ 3 came advmod 5 tired tired ADJ Degree=Pos 3 came xcomp 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 frostbitten cc 7 frostbitten frostbite VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 tired conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come back past the explorers tired property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 frostbite participle the explorers not said here tree rules
Example 5 The frost killed the frostbitten tomato plants.
det nsubj det amod compound obj punct root The DET frost NOUN killed VERB the DET frostbitten VERB tomato NOUN plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 frost det 2 frost frost NOUN Number=Sing 3 killed nsubj 3 killed kill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 plants det 5 frostbitten frostbite VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 plants amod 6 tomato tomato NOUN Number=Sing 7 plants compound 7 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 3 killed obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 killed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill past the frost the frostbitten tomato plants vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme 2 frostbite participle tree rules
Example 6 Do not rub frostbitten skin; warm it gently.
aux advmod amod obj punct conj obj advmod punct root Do AUX not PART rub VERB frostbitten VERB skin NOUN ; PUNCT warm VERB it PRON gently ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 rub aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 rub advmod 3 rub rub VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 frostbitten frostbite VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 skin amod 5 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 3 rub obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 warm punct 7 warm warm VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 rub conj 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 warm obj 9 gently gently ADV _ 7 warm advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 rub punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not rub imperative · do-support you not said here frostbitten skin vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme 2 frostbite participle tree rules 3 warm infinitive you not said here skin gently property vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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