gallows
Who acts: gallows, judge, They · What happens: be, use, hang, hange, lead, send · To what, where: wooden frame, past, criminals, punishment, villain, gallows
«gallows» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gallows in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
A gallows is a wooden frame with a beam, used in the past to hang criminals.
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 gallows | det |
| 2 | gallows | gallows | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 frame | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 frame | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 frame | det |
| 5 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 frame | amod |
| 6 | frame | frame | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 beam | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 beam | det |
| 9 | beam | beam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 frame | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 used | punct |
| 11 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 frame | parataxis |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 past | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 past | det |
| 14 | past | past | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 used | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 hang | mark |
| 16 | hang | hang | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 used | advcl |
| 17 | criminals | criminal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 hang | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 frame | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a gallows | a wooden frame | with a beam | tree rules | |||
| 2 | use | participle | the past | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | hang | to-infinitive | criminals | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent criminal=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
The gallows is the punishment of being hanged.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 gallows | det |
| 2 | gallows | gallows | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 punishment | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 punishment | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 punishment | det |
| 5 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 8 hanged | mark |
| 7 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 hanged | aux:pass |
| 8 | hanged | hange | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 punishment | acl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 punishment | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the gallows | the punishment | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hange | gerund · passive | the punishment not said here | tree rules |
Example 1
The villain was led to the gallows.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 villain | det |
| 2 | villain | villain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 led | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 led | aux:pass |
| 4 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 gallows | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 gallows | det |
| 7 | gallows | gallows | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 led | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 led | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | past · passive | the villain | the gallows | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to gallows=Destination |
Example 2
The judge sent the thief to the gallows.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 judge | det |
| 2 | judge | judge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | nsubj |
| 3 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 thief | det |
| 5 | thief | thief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sent | obj |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 gallows | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 gallows | det |
| 8 | gallows | gallows | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sent | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sent | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | the judge | the thief | the gallows | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thief=Theme to gallows=Destination |
Example 3
They built a gallows on the hill.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 built | nsubj |
| 2 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 gallows | det |
| 4 | gallows | gallows | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 built | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 hill | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 hill | det |
| 7 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 built | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 built | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | past | They | a gallows | the hill | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent gallows=Theme on hill=Source |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gallows/