galvanise Who acts: coat, posts, speech, captain, flood, We · What happens: galvanise, mean, shock, excite, act, coat · To what, where: people, iron, something, scientist, fence posts, team · Speech: someone speaks here
«galvanise» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: galvanise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To galvanise people means to shock or excite them into acting quickly.
mark csubj obj mark xcomp cc conj obj case advcl advmod punct root To PART galvanise VERB people NOUN means VERB to PART shock VERB or CCONJ excite VERB them PRON into ADP acting VERB quickly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 galvanise mark 2 galvanise galvanise VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 galvanise obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 shock mark 6 shock shock VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 excite cc 8 excite excite VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 shock conj 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 excite obj 10 into into ADP _ 11 acting case 11 acting act VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 excite advcl 12 quickly quickly ADV _ 11 acting advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 galvanise to-infinitive people tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 shock not said to happen to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 4 excite infinitive people vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer 5 act gerund quickly property vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To galvanise iron or steel means to coat it with zinc so that it does not rust.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj obj cc conj mark obj nsubj case nmod mark mark nsubj aux advmod ccomp punct root To PART galvanise VERB iron NOUN or CCONJ steel NOUN means VERB to PART coat NOUN it PRON with ADP zinc NOUN so SCONJ that SCONJ it PRON does AUX not PART rust VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 galvanise mark 2 galvanise galvanise VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing 2 galvanise obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 steel cc 5 steel steel NOUN Number=Sing 3 iron conj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 coat mark 8 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 coat nsubj 10 with with ADP _ 11 zinc case 11 zinc zinc NOUN Number=Sing 8 coat nmod 12 so so SCONJ _ 17 rust mark 13 that that SCONJ _ 17 rust mark 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 rust nsubj 15 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 rust aux 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 rust advmod 17 rust rust VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 galvanise to-infinitive iron or steel tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 coat coat with zinc tree rules 4 not rust present · do-support coat vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Meaning 3 Usage: science, old — kept apart, not parsed.
To galvanise once meant to give something an electric shock, from the scientist Luigi Galvani.
The tree, 15 words mark advmod advcl mark xcomp obj det amod obj punct case det obl appos flat punct root To PART galvanise VERB once ADV meant VERB to PART give VERB something PRON an DET electric ADJ shock NOUN , PUNCT from ADP the DET scientist NOUN Luigi PROPN Galvani PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 galvanise mark 2 galvanise galvanise VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 4 meant advmod 4 meant mean VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 galvanise advcl 5 to to PART _ 6 give mark 6 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 meant xcomp 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 give obj 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 shock det 9 electric electric ADJ Degree=Pos 10 shock amod 10 shock shock NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 scientist punct 12 from from ADP _ 14 scientist case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 scientist det 14 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 6 give obl 15 Luigi Luigi PROPN Number=Sing 14 scientist appos 16 Galvani Galvani PROPN Number=Sing 15 Luigi flat 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 galvanise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 galvanise to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean participle once property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 give not said to happen to-infinitive something the scientist vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent something=Recipient shock=Theme
Example 1 The fence posts are made of galvanised steel so they will not rust.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl mark nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root The DET fence NOUN posts NOUN are AUX made VERB of ADP galvanised VERB steel NOUN so SCONJ they PRON will AUX not PART rust VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 posts det 2 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 3 posts compound 3 posts post NOUN Number=Plur 5 made nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 made aux:pass 5 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 steel case 7 galvanised galvanise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 steel amod 8 steel steel NOUN Number=Sing 5 made obl 9 so so SCONJ _ 13 rust mark 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 rust nsubj 11 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 rust aux 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 rust advmod 13 rust rust VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 made advcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive the fence posts of galvanised steel vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product 2 galvanise participle tree rules 3 not rust future posts = post vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 Galvanising coats iron with a layer of zinc.
nsubj obj case det obl case nmod punct root Galvanising VERB coats VERB iron NOUN with ADP a DET layer NOUN of ADP zinc NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Galvanising galvanise VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 coats nsubj 2 coats coat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing 2 coats obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 layer case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 layer det 6 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 2 coats obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 zinc case 8 zinc zinc NOUN Number=Sing 6 layer nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 coats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 galvanise gerund tree rules 2 coat present iron with a layer of zinc vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent iron=Destination with layer=Theme
Example 3 The captain's speech galvanised the team.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det obj punct root The DET captain NOUN 's PART speech NOUN galvanised VERB the DET team NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 captain det 2 captain captain NOUN Number=Sing 4 speech nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 captain case 4 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 5 galvanised nsubj 5 galvanised galvanise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 team det 7 team team NOUN Number=Sing 5 galvanised obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 galvanised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 galvanise past the captain's speech the team tree rules 2 speak the captain nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The flood galvanised the whole town into action.
det nsubj det amod obj case obl punct root The DET flood NOUN galvanised VERB the DET whole ADJ town NOUN into ADP action NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 flood det 2 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 3 galvanised nsubj 3 galvanised galvanise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 town det 5 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 6 town amod 6 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 galvanised obj 7 into into ADP _ 8 action case 8 action action NOUN Number=Sing 3 galvanised obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 galvanised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 galvanise past the flood the whole town action tree rules
Example 5 We tested whether a galvanised nail rusts in salty water.
nsubj mark det amod nsubj advcl case amod obl punct root We PRON tested VERB whether SCONJ a DET galvanised VERB nail NOUN rusts VERB in ADP salty ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 tested nsubj 2 tested test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 whether whether SCONJ _ 7 rusts mark 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 nail det 5 galvanised galvanise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 nail amod 6 nail nail NOUN Number=Sing 7 rusts nsubj 7 rusts rust VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 tested advcl 8 in in ADP _ 10 water case 9 salty salty ADJ Degree=Pos 10 water amod 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 rusts obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 tested punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 test past We vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 galvanise participle tree rules 3 rust present a galvanised nail salty water vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 The coach hoped to galvanise the players at half-time.
det nsubj mark xcomp det obj case compound punct obl punct root The DET coach NOUN hoped VERB to PART galvanise VERB the DET players NOUN at ADP half NOUN - PUNCT time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 3 hoped nsubj 3 hoped hope VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 galvanise mark 5 galvanise galvanise VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 hoped xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 players det 7 players player NOUN Number=Plur 5 galvanise obj 8 at at ADP _ 11 time case 9 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 11 time compound 10 - - PUNCT _ 9 half punct 11 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 galvanise obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 hoped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hope past the coach vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 galvanise not said to happen to-infinitive the coach not said here the players time tree rules
Example 7 The farmer filled a galvanised bucket with water.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod punct root The DET farmer NOUN filled VERB a DET galvanised VERB bucket NOUN with ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmer det 2 farmer farmer NOUN Number=Sing 3 filled nsubj 3 filled fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bucket det 5 galvanised galvanise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bucket amod 6 bucket bucket NOUN Number=Sing 3 filled obj 7 with with ADP _ 8 water case 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 bucket nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill past the farmer a galvanised bucket with water vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent bucket=Patient with water=Instrument 2 galvanise participle tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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