gratuitously

Who acts: way, villain, review, film, He, you · What happens: be, say, not use, essay, criticise · To what, where: long words, essay, games · Speech: someone speaks here

«gratuitously» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gratuitously in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Without a good reason, in a way that is unnecessary and often unkind or shocking: gratuitously rude.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Without	without	ADP	_	4 reason	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 way	punct
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 way	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 way	det
8	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	appos
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 unnecessary	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 unnecessary	cop
11	unnecessary	unnecessary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 way	acl:relcl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 unkind	cc
13	often	often	ADV	_	14 unkind	advmod
14	unkind	unkind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 unnecessary	conj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 shocking	cc
16	shocking	shocking	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 unnecessary	conj
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 rude	punct
18	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	_	19 rude	advmod
19	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	a way	unnecessary property	tree rules
2	be		a way not said here	often property	tree rules
3	be		a way not said here		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal, old — kept apart, not parsed.

Free of charge, without payment.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 charge	case
3	charge	charge	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Free	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 payment	punct
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 payment	case
6	payment	payment	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Free	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Free	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

The villain was gratuitously cruel to the animals.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 villain	det
2	villain	villain	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cruel	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 cruel	cop
4	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	_	5 cruel	advmod
5	cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 animals	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 animals	det
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cruel	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 cruel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the villain					to the animals; cruel, gratuitously property	tree rules

Example 2

The review said the film was gratuitously violent.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 review	det
2	review	review	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 film	det
5	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 violent	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 violent	cop
7	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	_	8 violent	advmod
8	violent	violent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 said	ccomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the review						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the film					gratuitously, violent property	tree rules

Example 3

He was gratuitously rude to the waiter for no reason.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 rude	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 rude	cop
3	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	_	4 rude	advmod
4	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 waiter	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 waiter	det
7	waiter	waiter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rude	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 reason	case
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 reason	det
10	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 waiter	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 rude	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					to the waiter for no reason; gratuitously, rude property	tree rules

Example 4

Don't use gratuitously long words in your essay.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 use	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 use	advmod
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	_	5 long	advmod
5	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 words	amod
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 essay	case
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 essay	nmod:poss
9	essay	essay	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 words	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not use	imperative · do-support	you not said here	long words		your essay			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
2	essay		your						nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 5

Some games are criticised for being gratuitously gory.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 games	det
2	games	game	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 criticised	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 criticised	aux:pass
4	criticised	criticise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 gory	case
6	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 gory	cop
7	gratuitously	gratuitously	ADV	_	8 gory	advmod
8	gory	gory	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 criticised	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 criticised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	criticise	present · passive		some games					tree rules
2	is	gerund						gory, gratuitously property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/G/gratuitously/