grudge Who acts: grudge, you, someone, He, two families, She · What happens: be, dislike, keep, think, treat, hold · To what, where: feeling, you, grudge, something, someone, it · Speech: someone speaks here
«grudge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: grudge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A grudge is a feeling of anger or dislike you keep for a long time against someone who you think treated you badly.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj nsubj ccomp case det amod obl case nmod nsubj nsubj acl:relcl ccomp obj advmod punct root A DET grudge NOUN is AUX a DET feeling NOUN of ADP anger NOUN or CCONJ dislike VERB you PRON keep VERB for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN against ADP someone PRON who PRON you PRON think VERB treated VERB you PRON badly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 grudge det 2 grudge grudge NOUN Number=Sing 5 feeling nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 feeling cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 feeling det 5 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 anger case 7 anger anger NOUN Number=Sing 5 feeling nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 dislike cc 9 dislike dislike VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 feeling conj 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 keep nsubj 11 keep keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 dislike ccomp 12 for for ADP _ 15 time case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 time det 14 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 15 time amod 15 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 keep obl 16 against against ADP _ 17 someone case 17 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 time nmod 18 who who PRON PronType=Rel 20 think nsubj 19 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 think nsubj 20 think think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 someone acl:relcl 21 treated treat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 think ccomp 22 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 21 treated obj 23 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 21 treated advmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a grudge a feeling of anger tree rules 2 dislike infinitive a grudge not said here vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 keep present you time vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 think speech: other present vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 5 treat participle you badly property vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To hold or bear a grudge is to keep that feeling and not forgive.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl cc conj det obj cop mark det obj cc advmod conj punct root To PART hold VERB or CCONJ bear VERB a DET grudge NOUN is AUX to PART keep VERB that DET feeling NOUN and CCONJ not PART forgive VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hold mark 2 hold hold VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 keep advcl 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 bear cc 4 bear bear VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 hold conj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 grudge det 6 grudge grudge NOUN Number=Sing 4 bear obj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 keep cop 8 to to PART _ 9 keep mark 9 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 11 feeling det 11 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 9 keep obj 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 forgive cc 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 forgive advmod 14 forgive forgive VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 keep conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 bear infinitive a grudge vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient 3 is present keep property tree rules 4 not forgive infinitive vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To grudge (or begrudge) something is to give it or let someone have it unwillingly.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl punct cc ccomp punct obj cop mark obj cc conj obj xcomp obj advmod punct root To PART grudge VERB ( PUNCT or CCONJ begrudge VERB ) PUNCT something PRON is AUX to PART give VERB it PRON or CCONJ let VERB someone PRON have VERB it PRON unwillingly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 grudge mark 2 grudge grudge VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 give advcl 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 begrudge punct 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 begrudge cc 5 begrudge begrudge VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 grudge ccomp 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 begrudge punct 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 grudge obj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 give cop 9 to to PART _ 10 give mark 10 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 give obj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 let cc 13 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 give conj 14 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 let obj 15 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 let xcomp 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 have obj 17 unwillingly unwillingly ADV _ 15 have advmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 10 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grudge to-infinitive something tree rules 2 begrudge infinitive tree rules 3 is present give property tree rules 4 let infinitive someone tree rules 5 have infinitive someone not said here it unwillingly property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 1 He held a grudge against me for weeks.
nsubj det obj case obl case obl punct root He PRON held VERB a DET grudge NOUN against ADP me PRON for ADP weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 held nsubj 2 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 grudge det 4 grudge grudge NOUN Number=Sing 2 held obj 5 against against ADP _ 6 me case 6 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 held obl 7 for for ADP _ 8 weeks case 8 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 2 held obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold past He a grudge week against me vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent grudge=Theme against i=Location
Example 2 Don't hold a grudge — say sorry and move on.
aux advmod det obj punct conj xcomp cc conj advmod punct root Do AUX n't PART hold VERB a DET grudge NOUN — PUNCT say VERB sorry ADJ and CCONJ move VERB on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 hold aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 hold advmod 3 hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 grudge det 5 grudge grudge NOUN Number=Sing 3 hold obj 6 — - PUNCT _ 7 say punct 7 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 hold conj 8 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 7 say xcomp 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 move cc 10 move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 say conj 11 on on ADV _ 10 move advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not hold imperative · do-support you not said here a grudge vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Theme 2 say speech: apologize infinitive you not said here sorry property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 move on infinitive you not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The two families had an old grudge.
det nummod nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET two NUM families NOUN had VERB an DET old ADJ grudge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 families det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 families nummod 3 families family NOUN Number=Plur 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 grudge det 6 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 7 grudge amod 7 grudge grudge NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the two families a old grudge vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient
Example 4 She doesn't bear grudges; she forgives quickly.
nsubj aux advmod obj punct nsubj conj advmod punct root She PRON does AUX n't PART bear VERB grudges NOUN ; PUNCT she PRON forgives VERB quickly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 bear nsubj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 bear aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 bear advmod 4 bear bear VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 grudges grudge NOUN Number=Plur 4 bear obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 forgives punct 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 forgives nsubj 8 forgives forgive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 bear conj 9 quickly quickly ADV _ 8 forgives advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 bear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not bear present · do-support She grudges vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Patient 2 forgive present she quickly property vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 It was a grudge match between the two teams.
nsubj cop det compound case det nummod nmod punct root It PRON was AUX a DET grudge NOUN match NOUN between ADP the DET two NUM teams NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 match nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 match cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 match det 4 grudge grudge NOUN Number=Sing 5 match compound 5 match match NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 between between ADP _ 9 teams case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 teams det 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 teams nummod 9 teams team NOUN Number=Plur 5 match nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 match punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It a grudge match between the two teams tree rules
Example 6 I don't grudge him his win; he trained hard.
nsubj aux advmod obj nmod:poss obj punct nsubj conj advmod punct root I PRON do AUX n't PART grudge VERB him PRON his PRON win NOUN ; PUNCT he PRON trained VERB hard ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 grudge nsubj 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 grudge aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 grudge advmod 4 grudge grudge VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 grudge obj 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 win nmod:poss 7 win win NOUN Number=Sing 4 grudge obj 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 trained punct 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 trained nsubj 10 trained train VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 grudge conj 11 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 10 trained advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 grudge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not grudge present · do-support I him = he tree rules 2 train past he hard property vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 win his = he nom win «event intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Holding a grudge made her feel bad inside.
csubj det obj obj xcomp xcomp advmod punct root Holding VERB a DET grudge NOUN made VERB her PRON feel VERB bad ADJ inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Holding hold VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 made csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 grudge det 3 grudge grudge NOUN Number=Sing 1 Holding obj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 made obj 6 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 made xcomp 7 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 feel xcomp 8 inside inside ADV _ 4 made advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold gerund a grudge vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grudge=Theme 2 make past Holding her = she inside property tree rules 3 feel infinitive her = she not said here bad property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 8 Do not grudge others what you cannot enjoy yourself.
aux advmod obj obj nsubj aux advmod parataxis obj punct root Do AUX not PART grudge VERB others NOUN what PRON you PRON can AUX not PART enjoy VERB yourself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 grudge aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 grudge advmod 3 grudge grudge VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 others other NOUN Number=Plur 3 grudge obj 5 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 enjoy obj 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 enjoy nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 enjoy aux 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 enjoy advmod 9 enjoy enjoy VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 grudge parataxis 10 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 9 enjoy obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 grudge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not grudge imperative · do-support you not said here others vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer other=Stimulus 2 not enjoy can you yourself tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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