hacker Who acts: hacker, person, permission, skilled programmer, you, your · What happens: be, use, get, enjoy, solve, pay · To what, where: person, computer skills, computers, crime, skilled programmer, computer problems
«hacker» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hacker in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A hacker is a person who uses computer skills to get into computers or systems, often without permission, which is a crime.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl compound obj mark advcl case obl cc conj punct advmod case conj punct nsubj cop det appos punct root A DET hacker NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON uses VERB computer NOUN skills NOUN to PART get VERB into ADP computers NOUN or CCONJ systems NOUN , PUNCT often ADV without ADP permission NOUN , PUNCT which PRON is AUX a DET crime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hacker det 2 hacker hacker NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 uses nsubj 7 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 9 skills compound 9 skills skill NOUN Number=Plur 7 uses obj 10 to to PART _ 11 get mark 11 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 uses advcl 12 into into ADP _ 13 computers case 13 computers computer NOUN Number=Plur 11 get obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 systems cc 15 systems system NOUN Number=Plur 13 computers conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 permission punct 17 often often ADV _ 19 permission advmod 18 without without ADP _ 19 permission case 19 permission permission NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 24 crime punct 21 which which PRON PronType=Rel 24 crime nsubj 22 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 crime cop 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 crime det 24 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing 19 permission appos 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hacker a person and permission tree rules 2 use present a person and permission computer skills vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Patient 3 get to-infinitive a person and permission not said here computers or systems vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into computer=Destination 4 is a present permission a crime tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A hacker can also be a very skilled programmer who enjoys solving computer problems in clever ways.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det advmod amod nsubj acl:relcl xcomp compound obj case amod obl punct root A DET hacker NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET very ADV skilled ADJ programmer NOUN who PRON enjoys VERB solving VERB computer NOUN problems NOUN in ADP clever ADJ ways NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hacker det 2 hacker hacker NOUN Number=Sing 9 programmer nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 programmer aux 4 also also ADV _ 9 programmer advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 programmer cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 programmer det 7 very very ADV _ 8 skilled advmod 8 skilled skilled ADJ Degree=Pos 9 programmer amod 9 programmer programmer NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 who who PRON PronType=Rel 11 enjoys nsubj 11 enjoys enjoy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 programmer acl:relcl 12 solving solve VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 enjoys xcomp 13 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 14 problems compound 14 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 12 solving obj 15 in in ADP _ 17 ways case 16 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos 17 ways amod 17 ways way NOUN Number=Plur 12 solving obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 9 programmer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a hacker a skilled programmer tree rules 2 enjoy present a skilled programmer vn admire-31.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 solve gerund a skilled programmer not said here computer problems clever ways vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic
Meaning 3 An ethical hacker («white hat») is paid to find weak spots so they can be fixed.
The tree, 16 words det amod nsubj:pass punct punct amod appos punct punct aux:pass mark xcomp amod obj mark nsubj:pass aux aux:pass advcl punct root An DET ethical ADJ hacker NOUN ( PUNCT « PUNCT white ADJ hat NOUN » PUNCT ) PUNCT is AUX paid VERB to PART find VERB weak ADJ spots NOUN so SCONJ they PRON can AUX be AUX fixed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 hacker det 2 ethical ethical ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hacker amod 3 hacker hacker NOUN Number=Sing 11 paid nsubj:pass 4 ( ( PUNCT _ 7 hat punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 7 hat punct 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hat amod 7 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 3 hacker appos 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 hat punct 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 hat punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 paid aux:pass 11 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 12 to to PART _ 13 find mark 13 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 paid xcomp 14 weak weak ADJ Degree=Pos 15 spots amod 15 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 13 find obj 16 so so SCONJ _ 20 fixed mark 17 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 fixed nsubj:pass 18 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 fixed aux 19 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 20 fixed aux:pass 20 fixed fix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 find advcl 21 . . PUNCT _ 11 paid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay present · passive a ethical hacker tree rules 2 find to-infinitive weak spots vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Topic 3 fix can · passive spots = spot vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient
Meaning 4 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
A hacker in sport is a poor player, especially in golf.
det nsubj case nmod cop det amod punct advmod case conj punct root A DET hacker NOUN in ADP sport NOUN is AUX a DET poor ADJ player NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP golf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hacker det 2 hacker hacker NOUN Number=Sing 8 player nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 sport case 4 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 2 hacker nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 player cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 player det 7 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 8 player amod 8 player player NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 golf punct 10 especially especially ADV _ 12 golf advmod 11 in in ADP _ 12 golf case 12 golf golf NOUN Number=Sing 8 player conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 player punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hacker in sport a poor player and golf tree rules
Example 1 A hacker tried to get into the school website.
det nsubj mark xcomp case det compound obl punct root A DET hacker NOUN tried VERB to PART get VERB into ADP the DET school NOUN website NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hacker det 2 hacker hacker NOUN Number=Sing 3 tried nsubj 3 tried try VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 get mark 5 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 tried xcomp 6 into into ADP _ 9 website case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 website det 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 9 website compound 9 website website NOUN Number=Sing 5 get obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 tried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try past a hacker vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 get not said to happen to-infinitive a hacker not said here the school website vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into website=Destination
Example 2 Use a strong password to protect your account from hackers.
det amod obj mark advcl nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Use VERB a DET strong ADJ password NOUN to PART protect VERB your PRON account NOUN from ADP hackers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 password det 3 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 password amod 4 password password NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 5 to to PART _ 6 protect mark 6 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Use advcl 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 account nmod:poss 8 account account NOUN Number=Sing 6 protect obj 9 from from ADP _ 10 hackers case 10 hackers hacker NOUN Number=Plur 6 protect obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here a strong password vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent password=Patient 2 protect to-infinitive you not said here your account from hackers vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent account=Beneficiary from hacker=Theme 3 account your nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 Ethical hackers help banks find weak spots.
amod nsubj obj xcomp amod obj punct root Ethical ADJ hackers NOUN help VERB banks NOUN find VERB weak ADJ spots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ethical ethical ADJ Degree=Pos 2 hackers amod 2 hackers hacker NOUN Number=Plur 3 help nsubj 3 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 banks bank NOUN Number=Plur 3 help obj 5 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 help xcomp 6 weak weak ADJ Degree=Pos 7 spots amod 7 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 5 find obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Ethical hackers banks vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent bank=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 find infinitive banks not said here weak spots vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Topic
Example 4 Hackers stole thousands of email addresses.
nsubj obj case compound nmod punct root Hackers NOUN stole VERB thousands NOUN of ADP email NOUN addresses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hackers hacker NOUN Number=Plur 2 stole nsubj 2 stole steal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 thousands thousand NOUN Number=Plur 2 stole obj 4 of of ADP _ 6 addresses case 5 email email NOUN Number=Sing 6 addresses compound 6 addresses address NOUN Number=Plur 3 thousands nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 stole punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 steal past Hackers thousands of email addresses vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thousand=Theme
Example 5 My cousin is a hacker who builds robots in his garage.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj case nmod:poss obl punct root My PRON cousin NOUN is AUX a DET hacker NOUN who PRON builds VERB robots NOUN in ADP his PRON garage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cousin nmod:poss 2 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 5 hacker nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hacker cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 hacker det 5 hacker hacker NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 builds nsubj 7 builds build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hacker acl:relcl 8 robots robot NOUN Number=Plur 7 builds obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 garage case 10 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 garage nmod:poss 11 garage garage NOUN Number=Sing 7 builds obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 hacker punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My cousin a hacker tree rules 2 build present a hacker robots his garage vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent robot=Product
Example 6 Logging into someone else's account without permission is a crime.
csubj case nmod:poss advmod case obl case obl cop det punct root Logging VERB into ADP someone PRON else ADV 's PART account NOUN without ADP permission NOUN is AUX a DET crime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Logging log VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 crime csubj 2 into into ADP _ 6 account case 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 account nmod:poss 4 else else ADV _ 3 someone advmod 5 's 's PART _ 3 someone case 6 account account NOUN Number=Sing 1 Logging obl 7 without without ADP _ 8 permission case 8 permission permission NOUN Number=Sing 1 Logging obl 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 crime cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 crime det 11 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 crime punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 log gerund someone's account without permission vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Logging a crime tree rules 3 account someone nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The hackers at the competition fixed the bug in an hour.
det nsubj case det nmod det obj case det obl punct root The DET hackers NOUN at ADP the DET competition NOUN fixed VERB the DET bug NOUN in ADP an DET hour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hackers det 2 hackers hacker NOUN Number=Plur 6 fixed nsubj 3 at at ADP _ 5 competition case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 competition det 5 competition competition NOUN Number=Sing 2 hackers nmod 6 fixed fix VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bug det 8 bug bug NOUN Number=Sing 6 fixed obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 hour case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 hour det 11 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 6 fixed obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 fixed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fix past the hackers at the competition the bug hour vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent bug=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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