hallucination Who acts: hallucination, high fever, AI hallucination, he, person, Lack · What happens: see, feel, smell, not be, be, cause · To what, where: something, It, sleep, hallucinations, wall, spiders
«hallucination» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hallucination in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A hallucination is seeing, hearing, feeling or smelling something that is not really there, as if it were real.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj aux punct conj punct conj cc conj obj nsubj cop advmod advmod acl:relcl punct mark mark nsubj cop parataxis punct root A DET hallucination NOUN is AUX seeing VERB , PUNCT hearing NOUN , PUNCT feeling VERB or CCONJ smelling VERB something PRON that PRON is AUX not PART really ADV there ADV , PUNCT as SCONJ if SCONJ it PRON were AUX real ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hallucination det 2 hallucination hallucination NOUN Number=Sing 4 seeing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 seeing aux 4 seeing see VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 hearing punct 6 hearing hearing NOUN Number=Sing 4 seeing conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 feeling punct 8 feeling feel VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 seeing conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 smelling cc 10 smelling smell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 feeling conj 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 smelling obj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 there nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 there cop 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 there advmod 15 really really ADV _ 16 there advmod 16 there there ADV PronType=Dem 11 something acl:relcl 17 , , PUNCT _ 22 real punct 18 as as SCONJ _ 22 real mark 19 if if SCONJ _ 22 real mark 20 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 real nsubj 21 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 22 real cop 22 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 8 feeling parataxis 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 seeing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see present · progressive a hallucination vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 feel gerund a hallucination not said here vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 3 smell gerund a hallucination not said here something vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 4 not is present there property tree rules 5 is a condition, not said to happen past hallucination real property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It can be caused by high fever, some illnesses, lack of sleep, some medicines or drugs.
The tree, 16 words nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case amod obl:agent punct det conj punct conj case nmod punct det obl cc conj punct root It PRON can AUX be AUX caused VERB by ADP high ADJ fever NOUN , PUNCT some DET illnesses NOUN , PUNCT lack NOUN of ADP sleep NOUN , PUNCT some DET medicines NOUN or CCONJ drugs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 caused nsubj:pass 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 caused aux 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 caused aux:pass 4 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 fever case 6 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fever amod 7 fever fever NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused obl:agent 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 illnesses punct 9 some some DET PronType=Ind 10 illnesses det 10 illnesses illness NOUN Number=Plur 7 fever conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 lack punct 12 lack lack NOUN Number=Sing 7 fever conj 13 of of ADP _ 14 sleep case 14 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 12 lack nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 medicines punct 16 some some DET PronType=Ind 17 medicines det 17 medicines medicine NOUN Number=Plur 4 caused obl 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 drugs cc 19 drugs drug NOUN Number=Plur 17 medicines conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause can · passive high fever and some illnesses and lack of sleep It some medicines or drugs obl vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient 2 lack sleep nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.
An AI hallucination is when a computer program confidently says something false or made up.
The tree, 15 words det compound nsubj cop mark det compound nsubj advmod obj amod cc conj compound:prt punct root An DET AI NOUN hallucination NOUN is AUX when SCONJ a DET computer NOUN program NOUN confidently ADV says VERB something PRON false ADJ or CCONJ made VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 hallucination det 2 AI ai NOUN Number=Sing 3 hallucination compound 3 hallucination hallucination NOUN Number=Sing 10 says nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 says cop 5 when when SCONJ _ 10 says mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 program det 7 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 8 program compound 8 program program NOUN Number=Sing 10 says nsubj 9 confidently confidently ADV _ 10 says advmod 10 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 says obj 12 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 11 something amod 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 made cc 14 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 false conj 15 up up ADP _ 14 made compound:prt 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a AI hallucination confidently, say property tree rules 2 make up participle a AI hallucination not said here vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Example 1 With a high fever, he had hallucinations of spiders on the wall.
case det amod obl punct nsubj obj case nmod case det obl punct root With ADP a DET high ADJ fever NOUN , PUNCT he PRON had VERB hallucinations NOUN of ADP spiders NOUN on ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 4 fever case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 fever det 3 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 4 fever amod 4 fever fever NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 fever punct 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 had nsubj 7 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 hallucinations hallucination NOUN Number=Plur 7 had obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 spiders case 10 spiders spider NOUN Number=Plur 8 hallucinations nmod 11 on on ADP _ 13 wall case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 wall det 13 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past he hallucinations of spiders the wall with a high fever vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallucination=Patient 2 hallucinate spiders nom hallucination «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 2 A hallucination feels real to the person having it.
det nsubj xcomp case det obl acl obj punct root A DET hallucination NOUN feels VERB real ADJ to ADP the DET person NOUN having VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hallucination det 2 hallucination hallucination NOUN Number=Sing 3 feels nsubj 3 feels feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 3 feels xcomp 5 to to ADP _ 7 person case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 person det 7 person person NOUN Number=Sing 4 real obl 8 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 person acl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 having obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 feels punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel present a hallucination real property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 have gerund the person not said here hallucination vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 3 Lack of sleep can cause hallucinations.
nsubj case nmod aux obj punct root Lack NOUN of ADP sleep NOUN can AUX cause VERB hallucinations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lack lack NOUN Number=Sing 5 cause nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 sleep case 3 sleep sleep NOUN Number=Sing 1 Lack nmod 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 cause aux 5 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 hallucinations hallucination NOUN Number=Plur 5 cause obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 cause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause can Lack of sleep hallucinations vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition hallucination=Patient 2 lack sleep nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 4 The explorer in the desert saw a hallucination of a lake.
det nsubj case det nmod det obj case det nmod punct root The DET explorer NOUN in ADP the DET desert NOUN saw VERB a DET hallucination NOUN of ADP a DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 explorer det 2 explorer explorer NOUN Number=Sing 6 saw nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 desert case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 desert det 5 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 2 explorer nmod 6 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hallucination det 8 hallucination hallucination NOUN Number=Sing 6 saw obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 lake case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 lake det 11 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 8 hallucination nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past the explorer in the desert a hallucination of a lake vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hallucination=Stimulus 2 hallucinate a lake nom hallucination «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 Some drugs cause dangerous hallucinations.
det nsubj amod obj punct root Some DET drugs NOUN cause VERB dangerous ADJ hallucinations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 drugs det 2 drugs drug NOUN Number=Plur 3 cause nsubj 3 cause cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 hallucinations amod 5 hallucinations hallucination NOUN Number=Plur 3 cause obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 cause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present some drugs dangerous hallucinations vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition hallucination=Patient
Example 6 The chatbot gave a hallucination: it invented a book that does not exist.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj det obj punct nsubj conj det obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root The DET chatbot NOUN gave VERB a DET hallucination NOUN : PUNCT it PRON invented VERB a DET book NOUN that PRON does AUX not PART exist VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 chatbot det 2 chatbot chatbot NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 hallucination det 5 hallucination hallucination NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 invented punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 invented nsubj 8 invented invent VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 gave conj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 book det 10 book book NOUN Number=Sing 8 invented obj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 exist nsubj 12 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 exist aux 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 exist advmod 14 exist exist VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 book acl:relcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the chatbot a hallucination vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallucination=Theme 2 invent past chatbot a book vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Result 3 not exist present · do-support a book vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Always check facts, because AI can produce hallucinations.
advmod obj punct mark nsubj aux conj obj punct root Always ADV check VERB facts NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ AI NOUN can AUX produce VERB hallucinations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 check advmod 2 check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 2 check obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 produce punct 5 because because SCONJ _ 8 produce mark 6 AI ai NOUN Number=Sing 8 produce nsubj 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 produce aux 8 produce produce VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 check conj 9 hallucinations hallucination NOUN Number=Plur 8 produce obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here facts always property vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme 2 produce can AI hallucinations vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallucination=Result
Example 8 The doctor asked if she had any hallucinations.
det nsubj mark nsubj ccomp det obj punct root The DET doctor NOUN asked VERB if SCONJ she PRON had VERB any DET hallucinations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 if if SCONJ _ 6 had mark 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 had nsubj 6 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 asked ccomp 7 any any DET PronType=Ind 8 hallucinations det 8 hallucinations hallucination NOUN Number=Plur 6 had obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the doctor vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have a condition, not said to happen past doctor any hallucinations vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hallucination=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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