happen Who acts: they, Something, I, you, we, Tom · What happens: happen, be, come about, go through, do, see · To what, where: thing, something, me, her, 2, school · Speech: someone speaks here
«happen» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: happen in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To happen is to take place, to come about.
mark csubj cop mark obj punct mark conj advmod punct root To PART happen VERB is AUX to PART take VERB place NOUN , PUNCT to PART come VERB about ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 happen mark 2 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 take csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 take cop 4 to to PART _ 5 take mark 5 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 take obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 come punct 8 to to PART _ 9 come mark 9 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 take conj 10 about about ADV _ 9 come advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen to-infinitive vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present take property tree rules 3 come about to-infinitive about property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
What happened?
nsubj punct root What PRON happened VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 2 happened nsubj 2 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 2 To happen to someone is to be the thing they go through.
mark advcl case obl cop mark cop det nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root To PART happen VERB to ADP someone PRON is AUX to PART be AUX the DET thing NOUN they PRON go VERB through ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 happen mark 2 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 thing advcl 3 to to ADP _ 4 someone case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 happen obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 thing cop 6 to to PART _ 9 thing mark 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 thing cop 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 thing det 9 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 go nsubj 11 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 thing acl:relcl 12 through through ADV _ 11 go advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen to-infinitive to someone vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present the thing tree rules 3 go through present they the thing not said here through property vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thing=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Something funny happened to me.
nsubj amod case obl punct root Something PRON funny ADJ happened VERB to ADP me PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 happened nsubj 2 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Something amod 3 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 me case 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 happened obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past Something me vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 To happen to do something is to do it by chance.
mark advcl mark xcomp obj cop mark obj case obl punct root To PART happen VERB to PART do VERB something PRON is AUX to PART do VERB it PRON by ADP chance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 happen mark 2 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 do advcl 3 to to PART _ 4 do mark 4 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 happen xcomp 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 do obj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 do cop 7 to to PART _ 8 do mark 8 do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 do obj 10 by by ADP _ 11 chance case 11 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing 8 do obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen to-infinitive tree rules 2 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 3 is present by chance; do property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I happened to see her.
nsubj mark xcomp obj punct root I PRON happened VERB to PART see VERB her PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 happened nsubj 2 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 see mark 4 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 happened xcomp 5 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 see obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past I tree rules 2 see to-infinitive I not said here her = she vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus
Example 1 Not quite. Think: what happens to the groups? Here we multiply.
Sentence 1: Not quite.
advmod punct root Not PART quite ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 quite advmod 2 quite quite ADV _ root root 3 . . PUNCT _ 2 quite punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: Think: what happens to the groups?
punct nsubj ccomp case det obl punct root Think VERB : PUNCT what PRON happens VERB to ADP the DET groups NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Think think VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 4 happens punct 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 4 happens nsubj 4 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Think ccomp 5 to to ADP _ 7 groups case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 groups det 7 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 4 happens obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Think punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other imperative you not said here vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 happen present to the groups vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 3: Here we multiply.
nsubj cop punct root Here ADV we PRON multiply VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Here here ADV PronType=Dem root root 2 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Here nsubj 3 multiply multiply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Here cop 4 . . PUNCT _ 1 Here punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present we here property tree rules
Example 2 What happens to the apples when Tom eats 2?
nsubj case det obl advmod nsubj advcl obj punct root What PRON happens VERB to ADP the DET apples NOUN when ADV Tom PROPN eats VERB 2 NUM ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 2 happens nsubj 2 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 apples case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 apples det 5 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 2 happens obl 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 eats advmod 7 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 8 eats nsubj 8 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 happens advcl 9 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 eats obj 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 happens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen present to the apples vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat present Tom 2 vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Patient
Example 3 What happened at school today?
nsubj case obl obl:unmarked punct root What PRON happened VERB at ADP school NOUN today NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 2 happened nsubj 2 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 4 school case 4 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 happened obl 5 today today NOUN Number=Sing 2 happened obl:unmarked 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past school today vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at school=Location
Example 4 Accidents can happen, so be careful.
nsubj aux punct advmod cop conj punct root Accidents NOUN can AUX happen VERB , PUNCT so ADV be AUX careful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Accidents accident NOUN Number=Plur 3 happen nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 happen aux 3 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 careful punct 5 so so ADV _ 7 careful advmod 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 careful cop 7 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 happen conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 happen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen can Accidents vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is infinitive Accidents not said here careful property tree rules
Example 5 What happens if we put the ice in the sun?
nsubj mark nsubj advcl det obj case det obl punct root What PRON happens VERB if SCONJ we PRON put VERB the DET ice NOUN in ADP the DET sun NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 2 happens nsubj 2 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 if if SCONJ _ 5 put mark 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 put nsubj 5 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 happens advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ice det 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 5 put obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 sun case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sun det 10 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 5 put obl 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 happens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen present vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 put a condition, not said to happen past we the ice the sun vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ice=Theme in sun=Destination
Example 6 I happened to see your mum at the shop.
nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root I PRON happened VERB to PART see VERB your PRON mum NOUN at ADP the DET shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 happened nsubj 2 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 see mark 4 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 happened xcomp 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 mum nmod:poss 6 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 4 see obj 7 at at ADP _ 9 shop case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 shop det 9 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 see obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past I tree rules 2 see to-infinitive I not said here your mum the shop vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mum=Stimulus
Example 7 Something strange happened in the night.
nsubj amod case det obl punct root Something PRON strange ADJ happened VERB in ADP the DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 happened nsubj 2 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Something amod 3 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 night case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 night det 6 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 happened obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past Something night vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 And then a strange thing happened.
cc advmod det amod nsubj punct root And CCONJ then ADV a DET strange ADJ thing NOUN happened VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 6 happened cc 2 then then ADV PronType=Dem 6 happened advmod 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thing det 4 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 5 thing amod 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 6 happened nsubj 6 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 happened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen past a strange thing then vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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