harden

Who acts: melted chocolate, you, Concrete, Wax, it, face · What happens: become, make, melt, harden, leave, take · To what, where: something, fridge, clay, bad news, pieces, Bread

«harden» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: harden in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To become hard or firm, or to make something hard.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 become	mark
2	become	become	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 become	xcomp
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 firm	cc
5	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hard	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 make	punct
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 make	cc
8	to	to	PART	_	9 make	mark
9	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 become	conj
10	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 make	obj
11	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 something	amod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 become	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	to-infinitive						hard property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	make	to-infinitive		something					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Of a person or feelings: to become less kind or less soft, or more determined.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Of	of	ADP	_	3 person	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 person	det
3	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 feelings	cc
5	feelings	feeling	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 person	conj
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 become	punct
7	to	to	PART	_	8 become	mark
8	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 person	acl:relcl
9	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	10 kind	advmod
10	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 become	xcomp
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 soft	cc
12	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 soft	advmod
13	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 kind	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 determined	punct
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 more	cc
16	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 determined	advmod
17	determined	determined	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 kind	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 person	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	to-infinitive						kind property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Example 1

The melted chocolate will harden in the fridge.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 chocolate	det
2	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 chocolate	amod
3	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 harden	nsubj
4	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 harden	aux
5	harden	harden	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 fridge	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fridge	det
8	fridge	fridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 harden	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 harden	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	harden	future	the melted chocolate			the fridge			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 2

Leave the clay to harden overnight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 clay	det
3	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Leave	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 harden	mark
5	harden	harden	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Leave	advcl
6	overnight	overnight	ADV	_	5 harden	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Leave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	imperative	you not said here	the clay					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clay=Theme
2	harden	to-infinitive	you not said here					overnight property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 3

Concrete takes days to harden fully.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 takes	nsubj
2	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 takes	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 harden	mark
5	harden	harden	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 takes	advcl
6	fully	fully	ADV	_	5 harden	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 takes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	Concrete				day		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	harden	to-infinitive	Concrete not said here					fully property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 4

Wax hardens as it cools.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wax	Wax	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	nsubj
2	hardens	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	SCONJ	_	5 cools	mark
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cools	nsubj
5	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hardens	advcl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hardens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harden	present	Wax						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	cool	present	it						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Example 5

His face hardened when he heard the bad news.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 face	nmod:poss
2	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hardened	nsubj
3	hardened	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 heard	advmod
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 heard	nsubj
6	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 hardened	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 news	det
8	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 news	amod
9	news	news	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heard	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hardened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harden	past	His face						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	hear	past	face	the bad news					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer news=Stimulus

Example 6

The glue hardened and stuck the pieces together.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 glue	det
2	glue	glue	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hardened	nsubj
3	hardened	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 stuck	cc
5	stuck	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 hardened	conj
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 pieces	det
7	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stuck	obj
8	together	together	ADV	_	5 stuck	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hardened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harden	past	the glue						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	stick	past	the glue not said here	the pieces				together property	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent piece=Theme

Example 7

Bread hardens if you leave it out.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hardens	nsubj
2	hardens	harden	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	if	if	SCONJ	_	5 leave	mark
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 leave	nsubj
5	leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 hardens	advcl
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 leave	obj
7	out	out	ADP	_	5 leave	compound:prt
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hardens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	harden	present	Bread						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	leave out a condition, not said to happen	present	you	Bread					vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Example 8

Inge heard all this, and her heart became hardened and full of bitterness.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Inge	Inge	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 heard	nsubj
2	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 this	det:predet
4	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 heard	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 hardened	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 hardened	cc
7	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 heart	nmod:poss
8	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hardened	nsubj:pass
9	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 hardened	aux:pass
10	hardened	harden	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 heard	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 full	cc
12	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 hardened	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 bitterness	case
14	bitterness	bitterness	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 full	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 heard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	past	Inge	this					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus
2	harden	past · passive		Inge's heart					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/H/harden/