hardly Who acts: You, I, We, milk, She, bell · What happens: not mean, mean, not be, blame, see, go · To what, where: him, fog, cinema, milk, anything, match · Speech: someone speaks here
«hardly» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hardly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Hardly means almost not, or only just.
advmod advmod advmod punct cc advmod advmod punct root Hardly ADV means VERB almost ADV not PART , PUNCT or CCONJ only ADV just ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hardly hardly ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 almost almost ADV _ 4 not advmod 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 means advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 just punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 just cc 7 only only ADV _ 8 just advmod 8 just just ADV _ 2 means advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present hardly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Hardly ever means almost never.
advmod advmod advmod advmod punct root Hardly ADV ever ADV means VERB almost ADV never ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hardly hardly ADV _ 3 means advmod 2 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 almost almost ADV _ 5 never advmod 5 never never ADV PronType=Neg 3 means advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present ever hardly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Hardly can mean it is not reasonable: «You can hardly blame him.».
The tree, 12 words advmod aux expl cop advmod ccomp punct punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis obj punct punct punct root Hardly ADV can AUX mean VERB it PRON is AUX not PART reasonable ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT You PRON can AUX hardly ADV blame VERB him PRON . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hardly hardly ADV _ 3 mean advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 reasonable expl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 reasonable cop 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 reasonable advmod 7 reasonable reasonable ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean ccomp 8 : : PUNCT _ 3 mean punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 13 blame punct 10 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 blame nsubj 11 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 blame aux 12 hardly hardly ADV _ 13 blame advmod 13 blame blame VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 mean parataxis 14 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 blame obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 13 blame punct 16 » » PUNCT _ 13 blame punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can hardly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not is present reasonable property tree rules 3 blame in a quote can You him = he hardly property vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
Example 1 I could hardly see in the fog.
nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root I PRON could AUX hardly ADV see VERB in ADP the DET fog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 see nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 see aux 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 4 see advmod 4 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 fog case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fog det 7 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 4 see obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see could I the fog hardly property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 2 We hardly ever go to the cinema.
nsubj advmod advmod case det obl punct root We PRON hardly ADV ever ADV go VERB to ADP the DET cinema NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 go nsubj 2 hardly hardly ADV _ 4 go advmod 3 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 4 go advmod 4 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 cinema case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cinema det 7 cinema cinema NOUN Number=Sing 4 go obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go infinitive We the cinema ever hardly property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to cinema=Initial_Location
Example 3 There is hardly any milk left.
expl advmod det nsubj acl punct root There PRON is VERB hardly ADV any DET milk NOUN left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 2 is advmod 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 5 milk det 5 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 6 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 milk acl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present any milk there hardly property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 leave participle any milk not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 She had hardly started when the bell rang.
nsubj aux advmod advmod det nsubj advcl punct root She PRON had AUX hardly ADV started VERB when ADV the DET bell NOUN rang VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 started nsubj 2 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 started aux 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 4 started advmod 4 started start VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 rang advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bell det 7 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 8 rang nsubj 8 rang ring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 started advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start past · perfect She hardly property vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 ring past the bell vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 He hardly ate anything.
nsubj advmod obj punct root He PRON hardly ADV ate VERB anything PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 ate nsubj 2 hardly hardly ADV _ 3 ate advmod 3 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 ate obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past He anything hardly property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient
Example 6 Hardly anyone came to the match.
advmod nsubj case det obl punct root Hardly ADV anyone PRON came VERB to ADP the DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hardly hardly ADV _ 3 came advmod 2 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 match case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 match det 6 match match NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past anyone the match hardly property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to match=Initial_Location
Example 7 I can hardly believe it!
nsubj aux advmod obj punct root I PRON can AUX hardly ADV believe VERB it PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 believe nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 believe aux 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 4 believe advmod 4 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 believe obj 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe can I it hardly property vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Example 8 He hardly knew himself, so changed was he.
nsubj advmod obj punct advmod ccomp cop obl punct root He PRON hardly ADV knew VERB himself PRON , PUNCT so ADV changed VERB was AUX he PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 knew nsubj 2 hardly hardly ADV _ 3 knew advmod 3 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 knew obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 changed punct 6 so so ADV _ 7 changed advmod 7 changed change VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 knew ccomp 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 he cop 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 changed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 knew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know past He himself = he hardly property tree rules 2 change participle vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is a past he tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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