hippopotamus Who acts: hippopotamus, short legs, People, Hippos, yawn, hippo · What happens: be, spend, call, wallow, not swim, walk · To what, where: large heavy African animal, most, rivers, it, hippopotamus, muddy river · Speech: someone speaks here
«hippopotamus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hippopotamus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A hippopotamus is a very large, heavy African animal with thick grey skin, a huge mouth and short legs, which spends most of the day in rivers and lakes.
The tree, 29 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod punct amod amod case amod amod nmod punct det amod parataxis cc amod conj punct nsubj acl:relcl obj case det nmod case obl cc conj punct root A DET hippopotamus NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV large ADJ , PUNCT heavy ADJ African ADJ animal NOUN with ADP thick ADJ grey ADJ skin NOUN , PUNCT a DET huge ADJ mouth NOUN and CCONJ short ADJ legs NOUN , PUNCT which PRON spends VERB most ADJ of ADP the DET day NOUN in ADP rivers NOUN and CCONJ lakes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hippopotamus det 2 hippopotamus hippopotamus NOUN Number=Sing 10 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 animal det 5 very very ADV _ 6 large advmod 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 10 animal amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 large punct 8 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 animal amod 9 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 10 animal amod 10 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 with with ADP _ 14 skin case 12 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 14 skin amod 13 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 14 skin amod 14 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 10 animal nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 mouth punct 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 mouth det 17 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 18 mouth amod 18 mouth mouth NOUN Number=Sing 10 animal parataxis 19 and and CCONJ _ 21 legs cc 20 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 21 legs amod 21 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 18 mouth conj 22 , , PUNCT _ 24 spends punct 23 which which PRON PronType=Rel 24 spends nsubj 24 spends spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 legs acl:relcl 25 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 24 spends obj 26 of of ADP _ 28 day case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 day det 28 day day NOUN Number=Sing 25 most nmod 29 in in ADP _ 30 rivers case 30 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 24 spends obl 31 and and CCONJ _ 32 lakes cc 32 lakes lake NOUN Number=Plur 30 rivers conj 33 . . PUNCT _ 10 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hippopotamus a large heavy African animal with thick grey skin tree rules 2 spend present short legs most of the day rivers and lakes vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Asset
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 People usually call it a hippo for short.
nsubj advmod obj det xcomp case obl punct root People NOUN usually ADV call VERB it PRON a DET hippo NOUN for ADP short ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 3 call nsubj 2 usually usually ADV _ 3 call advmod 3 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 call obj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hippo det 6 hippo hippo NOUN Number=Sing 3 call xcomp 7 for for ADP _ 8 short case 8 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 3 call obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 call punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present People it for short; usually property vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent it=Theme for short=Beneficiary
Example 1 The hippopotamus wallowed in the muddy river.
det acl case det amod obl punct root The DET hippopotamus NOUN wallowed VERB in ADP the DET muddy ADJ river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hippopotamus det 2 hippopotamus hippopotamus NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 wallowed wallow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 hippopotamus acl 4 in in ADP _ 7 river case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 river det 6 muddy muddy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 river amod 7 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 wallowed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 hippopotamus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wallow participle the hippopotamus not said here the muddy river vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 2 Hippos can't really swim; they walk along the river bottom.
nsubj aux advmod advmod punct nsubj conj case det compound obl punct root Hippos NOUN ca AUX n't PART really ADV swim VERB ; PUNCT they PRON walk VERB along ADP the DET river NOUN bottom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hippos hippo NOUN Number=Plur 5 swim nsubj 2 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 swim aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 swim advmod 4 really really ADV _ 5 swim advmod 5 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 walk punct 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 walk nsubj 8 walk walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 swim conj 9 along along ADP _ 12 bottom case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 bottom det 11 river river NOUN Number=Sing 12 bottom compound 12 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 8 walk obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not swim can Hippos vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 walk present Hippos = hippo the river bottom vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory
Example 3 A hippo's yawn shows its huge teeth.
det nmod:poss case nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct root A DET hippo NOUN 's PART yawn NOUN shows VERB its PRON huge ADJ teeth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hippo det 2 hippo hippo NOUN Number=Sing 4 yawn nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 hippo case 4 yawn yawn NOUN Number=Sing 5 shows nsubj 5 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 teeth nmod:poss 7 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 8 teeth amod 8 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 5 shows obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a hippo's yawn yawn's huge teeth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tooth=Recipient 2 yawn a hippo nom yawn «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The word «hippopotamus» means «river horse».
det nsubj punct appos punct punct compound obj punct punct root The DET word NOUN « PUNCT hippopotamus NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT river NOUN horse NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 word det 2 word word NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 hippopotamus punct 4 hippopotamus hippopotamus NOUN Number=Sing 2 word appos 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 hippopotamus punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 « « PUNCT _ 9 horse punct 8 river river NOUN Number=Sing 9 horse compound 9 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 horse punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the word river horse vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Topic
Example 5 Hippos come out at night to eat grass.
nsubj advmod case obl mark advcl obj punct root Hippos NOUN come VERB out ADV at ADP night NOUN to PART eat VERB grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hippos hippo NOUN Number=Plur 2 come nsubj 2 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 out out ADV _ 2 come advmod 4 at at ADP _ 5 night case 5 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 come obl 6 to to PART _ 7 eat mark 7 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 come advcl 8 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 7 eat obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come out present Hippos night out property vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient 2 eat to-infinitive Hippos not said here grass vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 6 Hippos are very dangerous if you get too close.
nsubj cop advmod mark nsubj advcl advmod xcomp punct root Hippos NOUN are AUX very ADV dangerous ADJ if SCONJ you PRON get VERB too ADV close ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hippos hippo NOUN Number=Plur 4 dangerous nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 dangerous cop 3 very very ADV _ 4 dangerous advmod 4 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 if if SCONJ _ 7 get mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 get nsubj 7 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 dangerous advcl 8 too too ADV _ 9 close advmod 9 close close ADJ Degree=Pos 7 get xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 dangerous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Hippos dangerous property tree rules 2 get a condition, not said to happen present you close property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 7 We saw a baby hippo at the zoo.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET baby NOUN hippo NOUN at ADP the DET zoo NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 hippo det 4 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 5 hippo compound 5 hippo hippo NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 zoo case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 zoo det 8 zoo zoo NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a baby hippo the zoo vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hippo=Stimulus
Example 8 Then, of course, no one expects hippopotamuses to jump.
advmod punct advmod fixed punct det nsubj obj mark acl punct root Then ADV , PUNCT of ADP course NOUN , PUNCT no DET one NOUN expects VERB hippopotamuses NOUN to PART jump VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 8 expects advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Then punct 3 of of ADP ExtPos=ADV 8 expects advmod 4 course course NOUN Number=Sing 3 of fixed 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 expects punct 6 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 one det 7 one one NOUN Number=Sing 8 expects nsubj 8 expects expect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 hippopotamuses hippopotamus NOUN Number=Plur 8 expects obj 10 to to PART _ 11 jump mark 11 jump jump VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 hippopotamuses acl 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 expects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 expect present no one hippopotamuses then vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hippopotamus=Theme 2 jump to-infinitive no one not said here hippopotamuses not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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