hitherto Who acts: scientists, village, letter, tests, explorers, museum · What happens: mean, talk about, find, not have, show, come back · To what, where: time, unknown kind, flood, hidden side, unseen valley, paintings
«hitherto» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hitherto in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Hitherto means until now or until the time being talked about; up to this point.
The tree, 15 words advmod mark advmod cc mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp obl punct case case det conj punct root Hitherto ADV means VERB until SCONJ now ADV or CCONJ until SCONJ the DET time NOUN being AUX talked VERB about ADP ; PUNCT up ADP to ADP this DET point NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hitherto hitherto ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 until until SCONJ _ 10 talked mark 4 now now ADV PronType=Dem 10 talked advmod 5 or or CCONJ _ 10 talked cc 6 until until SCONJ _ 10 talked mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 time det 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 10 talked nsubj:pass 9 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 talked aux:pass 10 talked talk VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 11 about about ADP _ 10 talked obl 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 point punct 13 up up ADP _ 16 point case 14 to to ADP _ 16 point case 15 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 16 point det 16 point point NOUN Number=Sing 2 means conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present hitherto property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 talk about gerund · passive the time now vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The scientists found a hitherto unknown kind of beetle.
det nsubj det advmod amod obj case nmod punct root The DET scientists NOUN found VERB a DET hitherto ADV unknown ADJ kind NOUN of ADP beetle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scientists det 2 scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 found nsubj 3 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 kind det 5 hitherto hitherto ADV _ 6 unknown advmod 6 unknown unknown ADJ Degree=Pos 7 kind amod 7 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 3 found obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 beetle case 9 beetle beetle NOUN Number=Sing 7 kind nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past the scientists a unknown kind of beetle vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Topic
Example 2 Hitherto, the village had never had a flood.
advmod punct det nsubj aux advmod det obj punct root Hitherto ADV , PUNCT the DET village NOUN had AUX never ADV had VERB a DET flood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hitherto hitherto ADV _ 7 had advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hitherto punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 village det 4 village village NOUN Number=Sing 7 had nsubj 5 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 had aux 6 never never ADV PronType=Neg 7 had advmod 7 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 flood det 9 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 7 had obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not have past · perfect the village a flood hitherto property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flood=Patient
Example 3 The letter showed a hitherto hidden side of the king.
det nsubj det advmod amod obj case det nmod punct root The DET letter NOUN showed VERB a DET hitherto ADV hidden ADJ side NOUN of ADP the DET king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 letter det 2 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 side det 5 hitherto hitherto ADV _ 6 hidden advmod 6 hidden hidden ADJ Degree=Pos 7 side amod 7 side side NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 king case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 king det 10 king king NOUN Number=Sing 7 side nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the letter a hidden side of the king vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent side=Recipient
Example 4 Hitherto, all the tests had come back clear.
advmod punct det:predet det nsubj aux advmod xcomp punct root Hitherto ADV , PUNCT all DET the DET tests NOUN had AUX come VERB back ADV clear ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hitherto hitherto ADV _ 7 come advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hitherto punct 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 tests det:predet 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tests det 5 tests test NOUN Number=Plur 7 come nsubj 6 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 come aux 7 come come VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 8 back back ADV _ 7 come advmod 9 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 7 come xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come back past · perfect all tests clear, hitherto property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The explorers reached a hitherto unseen valley.
det nsubj det advmod amod obj punct root The DET explorers NOUN reached VERB a DET hitherto ADV unseen ADJ valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 explorers det 2 explorers explorer NOUN Number=Plur 3 reached nsubj 3 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 valley det 5 hitherto hitherto ADV _ 6 unseen advmod 6 unseen unseen ADJ Degree=Pos 7 valley amod 7 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 3 reached obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 reached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reach past the explorers a unseen valley vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent valley=Theme
Example 6 The museum displays paintings hitherto kept in storage.
det nsubj obj advmod advcl case obl punct root The DET museum NOUN displays VERB paintings NOUN hitherto ADV kept VERB in ADP storage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 museum det 2 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 3 displays nsubj 3 displays display VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 paintings painting NOUN Number=Plur 3 displays obj 5 hitherto hitherto ADV _ 6 kept advmod 6 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 displays advcl 7 in in ADP _ 8 storage case 8 storage storage NOUN Number=Sing 6 kept obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 displays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 display present the museum paintings vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent painting=Theme 2 keep participle the museum not said here storage hitherto property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in storage=Location
Example 7 Hitherto he had been a land crab; the land at last cast him adrift.
The tree, 14 words advmod nsubj aux cop det compound nsubj punct det appos case nmod obj xcomp punct root Hitherto ADV he PRON had AUX been AUX a DET land NOUN crab NOUN ; PUNCT the DET land NOUN at ADP last ADJ cast VERB him PRON adrift ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hitherto hitherto ADV _ 7 crab advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 crab nsubj 3 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 crab aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 7 crab cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 crab det 6 land land NOUN Number=Sing 7 crab compound 7 crab crab NOUN Number=Sing 13 cast nsubj 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 land punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 land det 10 land land NOUN Number=Sing 7 crab appos 11 at at ADP _ 12 last case 12 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 10 land nmod 13 cast cast VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 14 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 cast obj 15 adrift adrift ADJ Degree=Pos 13 cast xcomp 16 . . PUNCT _ 13 cast punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past · perfect he a land crab hitherto property tree rules 2 cast past a land crab him = he adrift property vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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