hm Who acts: sound, people, you, Hm, answer, detective · What happens: make, think, doubt, let, show, not be · To what, where: something, people, you, bit, good question, homework · Speech: someone speaks here
«hm» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hm in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sound people make when they are thinking, not sure, or doubting something, as in «Hm, let me think».
The tree, 19 words det nsubj nsubj mark nsubj aux advcl punct advmod parataxis punct cc parataxis obj punct mark fixed punct discourse punct conj obj xcomp punct punct root A DET sound NOUN people NOUN make VERB when SCONJ they PRON are AUX thinking VERB , PUNCT not PART sure ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ doubting VERB something PRON , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP « PUNCT Hm INTJ , PUNCT let VERB me PRON think VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sound det 2 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 4 make nsubj 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 make nsubj 4 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 when when SCONJ _ 8 thinking mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 thinking nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 thinking aux 8 thinking think VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 make advcl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 sure punct 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 sure advmod 11 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 4 make parataxis 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 doubting punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 doubting cc 14 doubting doubt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 sure parataxis 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 14 doubting obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 22 let punct 17 as as SCONJ _ 22 let mark 18 in in ADP _ 17 as fixed 19 « « PUNCT _ 22 let punct 20 Hm hm INTJ _ 22 let discourse 21 , , PUNCT _ 20 Hm punct 22 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 make conj 23 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 22 let obj 24 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 22 let xcomp 25 » » PUNCT _ 24 think punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 4 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 think speech: other present · progressive people vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 doubt gerund something vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 4 let in a quote infinitive a sound not said here people tree rules 5 think speech: other in a quote infinitive people not said here vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A sound that shows you are not convinced or a bit suspicious, as in «Hmm, are you sure?».
The tree, 18 words det nsubj nsubj acl:relcl iobj cop advmod cc det obl:unmarked conj punct mark mark punct discourse punct cop nsubj conj punct punct punct root A DET sound NOUN that PRON shows VERB you PRON are AUX not PART convinced ADJ or CCONJ a DET bit NOUN suspicious ADJ , PUNCT as SCONJ in SCONJ « PUNCT Hmm INTJ , PUNCT are AUX you PRON sure ADJ ? PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sound det 2 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 8 convinced nsubj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 shows nsubj 4 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 sound acl:relcl 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 shows iobj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 convinced cop 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 convinced advmod 8 convinced convinced ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 12 suspicious cc 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 bit det 11 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 12 suspicious obl:unmarked 12 suspicious suspicious ADJ Degree=Pos 8 convinced conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 21 sure punct 14 as as SCONJ _ 21 sure mark 15 in in SCONJ _ 21 sure mark 16 « « PUNCT _ 21 sure punct 17 Hmm hmm INTJ _ 21 sure discourse 18 , , PUNCT _ 17 Hmm punct 19 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 sure cop 20 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 21 sure nsubj 21 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 8 convinced conj 22 ? ? PUNCT _ 8 convinced punct 23 » » PUNCT _ 8 convinced punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 convinced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a sound you vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient 2 not is present a sound convinced property tree rules 3 be a sound not said here a bit tree rules 4 is in a quote present you sure property tree rules
Example 1 Hm, I'm not sure which answer is right.
nsubj punct nsubj cop advmod det nsubj cop ccomp punct root Hm NOUN , PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX not PART sure ADJ which DET answer NOUN is AUX right ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hm hm NOUN Number=Sing 6 sure nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hm punct 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 sure nsubj 4 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 sure cop 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 sure advmod 6 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 which which DET PronType=Int 8 answer det 8 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 10 right nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 right cop 10 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sure ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 sure punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present Hm sure property tree rules 2 is present which answer right property tree rules
Example 2 «Hmm,» said the detective, looking at the footprints.
punct discourse punct punct det obj punct advcl case det obl punct root « PUNCT Hmm INTJ , PUNCT » PUNCT said VERB the DET detective NOUN , PUNCT looking VERB at ADP the DET footprints NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 said punct 2 Hmm hmm INTJ _ 5 said discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Hmm punct 4 » » PUNCT _ 5 said punct 5 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 detective det 7 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 5 said obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 looking punct 9 looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 said advcl 10 at at ADP _ 12 footprints case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 footprints det 12 footprints footprint NOUN Number=Plur 9 looking obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the detective vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 look gerund the detective not said here at the footprints vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at footprint=Theme
Example 3 Hm, that's a good question.
punct nsubj cop det amod conj punct root Hm NOUN , PUNCT that PRON 's AUX a DET good ADJ question NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hm hm NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 7 question punct 3 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 question nsubj 4 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 question cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 question det 6 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 7 question amod 7 question question NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hm conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present that a good question tree rules
Example 4 «I did my homework.» «Hmm, did you really?»
Sentence 1: «I did my homework.»
punct nsubj nmod:poss obj punct punct root « PUNCT I PRON did VERB my PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 did punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 did nsubj 3 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 homework nmod:poss 5 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 3 did obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 did punct 7 » » PUNCT _ 3 did punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote past I my homework vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality
Sentence 2: «Hmm, did you really?»
punct discourse punct obj advmod punct punct root « PUNCT Hmm INTJ , PUNCT did VERB you PRON really ADV ? PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 did punct 2 Hmm hmm INTJ _ 4 did discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Hmm punct 4 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 did obj 6 really really ADV _ 4 did advmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 did punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 4 did punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote past you vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Eventuality
Example 5 Hmm, maybe we should try a different way.
discourse punct advmod nsubj aux det amod obj punct root Hmm INTJ , PUNCT maybe ADV we PRON should AUX try VERB a DET different ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hmm hmm INTJ _ 6 try discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Hmm punct 3 maybe maybe ADV _ 6 try advmod 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 try nsubj 5 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 try aux 6 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 way det 8 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 9 way amod 9 way way NOUN Number=Sing 6 try obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try should we a different way maybe property vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality
Example 6 She looked at the sum and said, «Hm, let me check.»
The tree, 11 words nsubj case det obl cc conj punct punct discourse punct ccomp obj xcomp punct punct root She PRON looked VERB at ADP the DET sum NOUN and CCONJ said VERB , PUNCT « PUNCT Hm INTJ , PUNCT let VERB me PRON check VERB . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 sum case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sum det 5 sum sum NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 said cc 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 looked conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 let punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 let punct 10 Hm hm INTJ _ 12 let discourse 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 Hm punct 12 let let VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 said ccomp 13 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 let obj 14 check check VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 let xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 12 let punct 16 » » PUNCT _ 12 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past She at the sum vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at sum=Theme 2 say speech: assert past She not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 let in a quote infinitive me tree rules 4 check in a quote infinitive me not said here vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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