hurl Who acts: Hurling, He, angry giant, storm, bullies, slang · What happens: hurl, be, walk away, eat, play, do · To what, where: something, insults, someone, ball, rock, castle
«hurl» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hurl in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To hurl something is to throw it very hard and fast.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj advmod advmod cc conj punct root To PART hurl VERB something PRON is AUX to PART throw VERB it PRON very ADV hard ADV and CCONJ fast ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hurl mark 2 hurl hurl VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 throw advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 hurl obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 throw cop 5 to to PART _ 6 throw mark 6 throw throw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 throw obj 8 very very ADV _ 9 hard advmod 9 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 6 throw advmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 fast cc 11 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 9 hard conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 throw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurl to-infinitive something vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present hard, throw property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To hurl insults or words is to shout them angrily at someone.
mark advcl obj cc conj cop mark obj advmod case obl punct root To PART hurl VERB insults NOUN or CCONJ words NOUN is AUX to PART shout VERB them PRON angrily ADV at ADP someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hurl mark 2 hurl hurl VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 shout advcl 3 insults insult NOUN Number=Plur 2 hurl obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 words cc 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 insults conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 shout cop 7 to to PART _ 8 shout mark 8 shout shout VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 shout obj 10 angrily angrily ADV _ 8 shout advmod 11 at at ADP _ 12 someone case 12 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 shout obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 shout punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurl to-infinitive insults or words vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insult=Theme 2 is present someone angrily, shout property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: slang, US — kept apart, not parsed.
To hurl is to vomit, be sick.
mark csubj cop mark punct cop xcomp punct root To PART hurl VERB is AUX to PART vomit VERB , PUNCT be AUX sick ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hurl mark 2 hurl hurl VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 vomit csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 vomit cop 4 to to PART _ 5 vomit mark 5 vomit vomit VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 sick punct 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 sick cop 8 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos 5 vomit xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 vomit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurl to-infinitive vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 is present vomit property tree rules 3 is infinitive sick property tree rules
Meaning 4 Hurling is a fast Irish sport played with sticks (hurleys) and a small ball (sliotar).
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det amod amod nsubj case obl punct appos punct cc det amod conj punct appos punct punct root Hurling NOUN is AUX a DET fast ADJ Irish ADJ sport NOUN played VERB with ADP sticks NOUN ( PUNCT hurleys NOUN ) PUNCT and CCONJ a DET small ADJ ball NOUN ( PUNCT sliotar NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hurling hurling NOUN Number=Sing 7 played nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 played cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sport det 4 fast fast ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sport amod 5 Irish Irish ADJ Degree=Pos 6 sport amod 6 sport sport NOUN Number=Sing 7 played nsubj 7 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 with with ADP _ 9 sticks case 9 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 7 played obl 10 ( ( PUNCT _ 11 hurleys punct 11 hurleys hurley NOUN Number=Plur 9 sticks appos 12 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 hurleys punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 ball cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 ball det 15 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 16 ball amod 16 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 9 sticks conj 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 sliotar punct 18 sliotar sliotar NOUN Number=Sing 16 ball appos 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 sliotar punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 7 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Hurling with sticks and a small ball; play property tree rules
Example 1 He hurled the ball as far as he could.
nsubj det obj advmod advmod mark nsubj advcl punct root He PRON hurled VERB the DET ball NOUN as ADV far ADV as SCONJ he PRON could AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 hurled nsubj 2 hurled hurl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 ball det 4 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 2 hurled obj 5 as as ADV _ 6 far advmod 6 far far ADV Degree=Pos 2 hurled advmod 7 as as SCONJ _ 9 could mark 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 could nsubj 9 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 far advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 hurled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurl past He the ball far property vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme
Example 2 The angry giant hurled a rock at the castle.
det amod nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET angry ADJ giant NOUN hurled VERB a DET rock NOUN at ADP the DET castle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 giant det 2 angry angry ADJ Degree=Pos 3 giant amod 3 giant giant NOUN Number=Sing 4 hurled nsubj 4 hurled hurl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 rock det 6 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 4 hurled obj 7 at at ADP _ 9 castle case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 castle det 9 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 4 hurled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 hurled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurl past the angry giant a rock the castle vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent rock=Theme at castle=Destination
Example 3 The storm hurled waves against the cliffs.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET storm NOUN hurled VERB waves NOUN against ADP the DET cliffs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 storm det 2 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 3 hurled nsubj 3 hurled hurl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 3 hurled obj 5 against against ADP _ 7 cliffs case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cliffs det 7 cliffs cliff NOUN Number=Plur 3 hurled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 hurled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurl past the storm waves the cliffs vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent wave=Theme against cliff=Destination
Example 4 The bullies hurled insults at him, and he walked away.
det nsubj obj case obl punct cc nsubj conj advmod punct root The DET bullies NOUN hurled VERB insults NOUN at ADP him PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ he PRON walked VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bullies det 2 bullies bully NOUN Number=Plur 3 hurled nsubj 3 hurled hurl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 insults insult NOUN Number=Plur 3 hurled obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 him case 6 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 hurled obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 walked punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 walked cc 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 walked nsubj 10 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 hurled conj 11 away away ADV _ 10 walked advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 hurled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurl past the bullies insults at him = he vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent insult=Theme at he=Destination 2 walk away past he away property vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 (slang) I ate too much candy and nearly hurled on the ride.
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj punct nsubj advmod amod obj cc advmod conj case det obl punct root ( PUNCT slang NOUN ) PUNCT I PRON ate VERB too ADV much ADJ candy NOUN and CCONJ nearly ADV hurled VERB on ADP the DET ride NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 slang punct 2 slang slang NOUN Number=Sing 5 ate nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 slang punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 ate nsubj 5 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 too too ADV _ 7 much advmod 7 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 8 candy amod 8 candy candy NOUN Number=Sing 5 ate obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 hurled cc 10 nearly nearly ADV _ 11 hurled advmod 11 hurled hurl VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 ate conj 12 on on ADP _ 14 ride case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 ride det 14 ride ride NOUN Number=Sing 11 hurled obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past slang much candy vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candy=Patient 2 hurl participle slang not said here the ride nearly property vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on ride=Destination
Example 6 In Ireland, children play hurling at school.
case obl punct nsubj xcomp case obl punct root In ADP Ireland PROPN , PUNCT children NOUN play VERB hurling VERB at ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Ireland case 2 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 5 play obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Ireland punct 4 children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 play nsubj 5 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 hurling hurl VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 play xcomp 7 at at ADP _ 8 school case 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 6 hurling obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present children Ireland vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 hurl gerund children not said here school vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at school=Destination
Example 7 She hurled herself onto the bed.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root She PRON hurled VERB herself PRON onto ADP the DET bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 hurled nsubj 2 hurled hurl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 2 hurled obj 4 onto onto ADP _ 6 bed case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bed det 6 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 2 hurled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 hurled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurl past She herself = she the bed vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent herself=Theme onto bed=Destination
Example 8 After doing this, he hurled it high into the air.
mark advcl obj punct nsubj obj advmod case det obl punct root After SCONJ doing VERB this PRON , PUNCT he PRON hurled VERB it PRON high ADV into ADP the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after SCONJ _ 2 doing mark 2 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 hurled advcl 3 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 doing obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 2 doing punct 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 hurled nsubj 6 hurled hurl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 hurled obj 8 high high ADV Degree=Pos 6 hurled advmod 9 into into ADP _ 11 air case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 air det 11 air air NOUN Number=Sing 6 hurled obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 hurled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do gerund he not said here this vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality 2 hurl past he it the air high property vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme into air=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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