il Who acts: Il, il mange, it, pleut, French, S'il vous plaît · What happens: mean, be, pleut, not be, sound, rain · To what, where: he, French, it, phrases, the, Italian · Speech: someone speaks here
«il» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: il in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.
«Il» means «he» or «it» in French: «il mange» is «he eats».
The tree, 12 words punct nsubj punct punct obj punct cc punct conj punct case nmod punct punct compound nsubj:outer punct cop punct nsubj parataxis punct punct root « PUNCT Il PROPN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT he PRON » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT it PRON » PUNCT in ADP French PROPN : PUNCT « PUNCT il X mange NOUN » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT he PRON eats VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Il punct 2 Il Il PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Il punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 he punct 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 means obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 he punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 it cc 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 it punct 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 he conj 11 » » PUNCT _ 6 he punct 12 in in ADP _ 13 French case 13 French French PROPN Number=Sing 6 he nmod 14 : : PUNCT _ 22 eats punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 mange punct 16 il il X _ 17 mange compound 17 mange mange NOUN Number=Sing 22 eats nsubj:outer 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 mange punct 19 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 eats cop 20 « « PUNCT _ 22 eats punct 21 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 eats nsubj 22 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 means parataxis 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 eats punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Il he French tree rules 2 is in a quote present il mange eat property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.
In some phrases it means «it» with no real person: «il pleut» is «it is raining».
The tree, 16 words case det obl nsubj punct obj punct case det amod obl punct punct nsubj nsubj punct cop punct nsubj aux parataxis punct punct root In ADP some DET phrases NOUN it PRON means VERB « PUNCT it PRON » PUNCT with ADP no DET real ADJ person NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT il PRON pleut NOUN » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT it PRON is AUX raining VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 phrases case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 phrases det 3 phrases phrase NOUN Number=Plur 5 means obl 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 means nsubj 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 it punct 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 means obj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 it punct 9 with with ADP _ 12 person case 10 no no DET PronType=Neg 12 person det 11 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 12 person amod 12 person person NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obl 13 : : PUNCT _ 22 raining punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 16 pleut punct 15 il il PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 pleut nsubj 16 pleut pleut NOUN Number=Sing 22 raining nsubj 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 pleut punct 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 raining cop 19 « « PUNCT _ 22 raining punct 20 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 raining nsubj 21 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 raining aux 22 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 means parataxis 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 raining punct 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present it it some phrases with no real person tree rules 2 pleut in a quote il tree rules 3 is in a quote present · progressive pleut rain property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: Italian — kept apart, not parsed.
In Italian «il» means «the», as in «il gelato» (the ice cream).
The tree, 12 words case obl punct appos punct punct obj punct punct case case punct amod parataxis punct punct det compound appos punct punct root In ADP Italian PROPN « PUNCT il PROPN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT the DET » PUNCT , PUNCT as ADP in ADP « PUNCT il ADJ gelato NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT the DET ice NOUN cream NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Italian case 2 Italian Italian PROPN _ 6 means obl 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 il punct 4 il IL PROPN Number=Sing 2 Italian appos 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 il punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 the punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 means obj 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 the punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 gelato punct 11 as as ADP _ 15 gelato case 12 in in ADP _ 15 gelato case 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 gelato punct 14 il il ADJ Degree=Pos 15 gelato amod 15 gelato gelato NOUN Number=Sing 6 means parataxis 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 gelato punct 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 cream punct 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 cream det 19 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 20 cream compound 20 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 15 gelato appos 21 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 cream punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the Italian tree rules
Meaning 4 It is not an English word; to an English ear French «il» sounds like «eel».
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop advmod det amod punct case det amod compound obl punct nsubj punct parataxis case punct obl punct punct root It PRON is AUX not PART an DET English ADJ word NOUN ; PUNCT to ADP an DET English ADJ ear NOUN French PROPN « PUNCT il PROPN » PUNCT sounds VERB like ADP « PUNCT eel NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 word nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 word advmod 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 word det 5 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 6 word amod 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 French punct 8 to to ADP _ 12 French case 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 ear det 10 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 11 ear amod 11 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 12 French compound 12 French French PROPN Number=Sing 16 sounds obl 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 il punct 14 il IL PROPN Number=Sing 16 sounds nsubj 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 il punct 16 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word parataxis 17 like like ADP _ 19 eel case 18 « « PUNCT _ 19 eel punct 19 eel eel NOUN Number=Sing 16 sounds obl 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 eel punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a present It a English word tree rules 2 sound present il ear French like eel vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to french=Experiencer
Example 1 In French, «il est grand» means «he is tall».
The tree, 9 words case obl punct punct nsubj flat:foreign flat:foreign punct punct nsubj cop ccomp punct punct root In ADP French PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT il X est X grand ADJ » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT he PRON is AUX tall ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 French case 2 French French PROPN Number=Sing 9 means obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 French punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 il punct 5 il il X Foreign=Yes 9 means nsubj 6 est est X Foreign=Yes 5 il flat:foreign 7 grand grand ADJ Degree=Pos 5 il flat:foreign 8 » » PUNCT _ 5 il punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 « « PUNCT _ 13 tall punct 11 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 tall nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 tall cop 13 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 9 means ccomp 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 tall punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present il in French vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in french=Attribute 2 is in a quote present French tall property tree rules
Example 2 «Il pleut» means «it is raining».
punct nsubj flat:foreign punct punct nsubj aux ccomp punct punct root « PUNCT Il PROPN pleut X » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT it PRON is AUX raining VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Il punct 2 Il Il PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 pleut pleut X _ 2 Il flat:foreign 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Il punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 9 raining punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 raining nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 raining aux 9 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 means ccomp 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 raining punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Il vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 rain in a quote present · progressive it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Example 3 «S'il vous plaît» means «please».
punct compound amod nsubj punct punct discourse punct punct root « PUNCT S'il PROPN vous ADJ plaît NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT please INTJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 plaît punct 2 S'il S'il PROPN Number=Sing 4 plaît compound 3 vous vous ADJ Degree=Pos 4 plaît amod 4 plaît plaît NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 plaît punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 please punct 8 please please INTJ _ 6 means discourse 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 please punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present S'il vous plaît vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 4 «Il y a un chat» means «there is a cat».
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj csubj det compound obj punct punct expl ccomp det nsubj punct punct root « PUNCT Il PROPN y VERB a DET un NOUN chat NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT there PRON is VERB a DET cat NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 y punct 2 Il Il PROPN Number=Sing 3 y nsubj 3 y y VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 means csubj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 chat det 5 un un NOUN Number=Sing 6 chat compound 6 chat chat NOUN Number=Sing 3 y obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 3 y punct 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 « « PUNCT _ 11 is punct 10 there there PRON PronType=Dem 11 is expl 11 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 means ccomp 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 cat det 13 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 11 is nsubj 14 » » PUNCT _ 11 is punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 y in a quote past Il a un chat tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 be in a quote present a cat there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 French «il» sounds like the English word «eel».
nsubj punct nsubj punct case det amod obl punct appos punct punct root French PROPN « PUNCT il PROPN » PUNCT sounds VERB like ADP the DET English ADJ word NOUN « PUNCT eel NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 French French PROPN Number=Sing 5 sounds nsubj 2 « « PUNCT _ 3 il punct 3 il IL PROPN Number=Sing 5 sounds nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 il punct 5 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 like like ADP _ 9 word case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 word det 8 English English ADJ Degree=Pos 9 word amod 9 word word NOUN Number=Sing 5 sounds obl 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 eel punct 11 eel eel NOUN Number=Sing 9 word appos 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 eel punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 sounds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound present French like the English word vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 6 The Italian restaurant on our street is called «Il Forno».
det amod nsubj:pass case nmod:poss nmod aux:pass punct xcomp flat punct punct root The DET Italian ADJ restaurant NOUN on ADP our PRON street NOUN is AUX called VERB « PUNCT Il PROPN Forno PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 restaurant det 2 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 3 restaurant amod 3 restaurant restaurant NOUN Number=Sing 8 called nsubj:pass 4 on on ADP _ 6 street case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 street nmod:poss 6 street street NOUN Number=Sing 3 restaurant nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 called aux:pass 8 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 Il punct 10 Il Il PROPN Number=Sing 8 called xcomp 11 Forno Forno PROPN Number=Sing 10 Il flat 12 » » PUNCT _ 10 Il punct 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the Italian restaurant on our street vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 In French, a thing that is masculine is also called «il».
The tree, 11 words case obl punct det nsubj:pass nsubj cop acl:relcl aux:pass advmod punct xcomp punct punct root In ADP French PROPN , PUNCT a DET thing NOUN that PRON is AUX masculine NOUN is AUX also ADV called VERB « PUNCT il PROPN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 French case 2 French French PROPN Number=Sing 11 called obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 thing punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thing det 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 11 called nsubj:pass 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 masculine nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 masculine cop 8 masculine masculine NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing acl:relcl 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 called aux:pass 10 also also ADV _ 11 called advmod 11 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 il punct 13 il IL PROPN Number=Sing 11 called xcomp 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 il punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a thing masculine tree rules 2 call present · passive a thing French vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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