illuminate Who acts: something, Street lamps, Sun, Fireworks, you, drawing · What happens: light up, shine, make, understand, decorate, illuminate · To what, where: something, light, old books, road, half, sky
«illuminate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: illuminate in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To light something up; to shine light on it.
mark obj compound:prt punct mark conj obj case obl punct root To PART light VERB something PRON up ADP ; PUNCT to PART shine VERB light NOUN on ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 light mark 2 light light VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 light obj 4 up up ADP _ 2 light compound:prt 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 shine punct 6 to to PART _ 7 shine mark 7 shine shine VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 light conj 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing 7 shine obj 9 on on ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 shine obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 light up to-infinitive something vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Product 2 shine to-infinitive light light vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To make something clearer and easier to understand.
mark obj amod cc conj mark xcomp punct root To PART make VERB something PRON clearer ADJ and CCONJ easier ADJ to PART understand VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 make obj 4 clearer clear ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 something amod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 easier cc 6 easier easy ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 clearer conj 7 to to PART _ 8 understand mark 8 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 easier xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive something vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product 2 understand to-infinitive something not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 To decorate old books with bright pictures and gold, as in «illuminated manuscripts».
The tree, 13 words mark amod obj case amod obl cc conj punct case case punct amod parataxis punct punct root To PART decorate VERB old ADJ books NOUN with ADP bright ADJ pictures NOUN and CCONJ gold NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP « PUNCT illuminated VERB manuscripts NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 decorate mark 2 decorate decorate VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 books amod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 decorate obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 pictures case 6 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 7 pictures amod 7 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 2 decorate obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 gold cc 9 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 7 pictures conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 manuscripts punct 11 as as ADP _ 15 manuscripts case 12 in in ADP _ 15 manuscripts case 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 illuminated punct 14 illuminated illuminate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 manuscripts amod 15 manuscripts manuscript NOUN Number=Plur 2 decorate parataxis 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 manuscripts punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 decorate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decorate to-infinitive old books with bright pictures and gold tree rules 2 illuminate in a quote participle vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Street lamps illuminate the road at night.
compound nsubj det obj case obl punct root Street NOUN lamps NOUN illuminate VERB the DET road NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Street street NOUN Number=Sing 2 lamps compound 2 lamps lamp NOUN Number=Plur 3 illuminate nsubj 3 illuminate illuminate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 road det 5 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 illuminate obj 6 at at ADP _ 7 night case 7 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 illuminate obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 illuminate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 illuminate present Street lamps the road night vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Destination
Example 2 The Sun illuminates half of the Moon.
det nsubj obj case det nmod punct root The DET Sun PROPN illuminates VERB half NOUN of ADP the DET Moon PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Sun det 2 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 3 illuminates nsubj 3 illuminates illuminate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 3 illuminates obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 Moon case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Moon det 7 Moon Moon PROPN Number=Sing 4 half nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 illuminates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 illuminate present the Sun half of the Moon vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Destination
Example 3 Fireworks illuminated the sky.
nsubj det obj punct root Fireworks NOUN illuminated VERB the DET sky NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fireworks firework NOUN Number=Plur 2 illuminated nsubj 2 illuminated illuminate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 sky det 4 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 2 illuminated obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 illuminated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 illuminate past Fireworks the sky vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sky=Destination
Example 4 Shine the torch to illuminate the cave wall.
det obj mark advcl det compound obj punct root Shine VERB the DET torch NOUN to PART illuminate VERB the DET cave NOUN wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shine shine VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 torch det 3 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 1 Shine obj 4 to to PART _ 5 illuminate mark 5 illuminate illuminate VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Shine advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 wall det 7 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 8 wall compound 8 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 5 illuminate obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Shine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine imperative you not said here the torch vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme 2 illuminate to-infinitive you not said here the cave wall vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Destination
Example 5 The teacher's drawing illuminated the hard idea.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET teacher NOUN 's PART drawing NOUN illuminated VERB the DET hard ADJ idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 drawing nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 teacher case 4 drawing drawing NOUN Number=Sing 5 illuminated nsubj 5 illuminated illuminate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 idea det 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 8 idea amod 8 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 5 illuminated obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 illuminated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 illuminate past the teacher's drawing the hard idea vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Destination 2 draw the teacher nom drawing «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Monks illuminated the first letter of each page with gold.
nsubj det amod obj case det nmod case nmod punct root Monks NOUN illuminated VERB the DET first ADJ letter NOUN of ADP each DET page NOUN with ADP gold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Monks monk NOUN Number=Plur 2 illuminated nsubj 2 illuminated illuminate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 letter det 4 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 5 letter amod 5 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 2 illuminated obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 page case 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 page det 8 page page NOUN Number=Sing 5 letter nmod 9 with with ADP _ 10 gold case 10 gold gold NOUN Number=Sing 8 page nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 illuminated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 illuminate past Monks the first letter of each page with gold vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Destination 2 letter each page with gold nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 7 The stage was illuminated by one bright spotlight.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case nummod amod obl punct root The DET stage NOUN was AUX illuminated VERB by ADP one NUM bright ADJ spotlight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 stage det 2 stage stage NOUN Number=Sing 4 illuminated nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 illuminated aux:pass 4 illuminated illuminate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 8 spotlight case 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 spotlight nummod 7 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 8 spotlight amod 8 spotlight spotlight NOUN Number=Sing 4 illuminated obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 illuminated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 illuminate past · passive one bright spotlight the stage vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Destination
Example 8 A single feather from its tail illuminates a dark room.
det amod nsubj case nmod:poss nmod det amod obj punct root A DET single ADJ feather NOUN from ADP its PRON tail NOUN illuminates VERB a DET dark ADJ room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 feather det 2 single single ADJ Degree=Pos 3 feather amod 3 feather feather NOUN Number=Sing 7 illuminates nsubj 4 from from ADP _ 6 tail case 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 tail nmod:poss 6 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 3 feather nmod 7 illuminates illuminate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 room det 9 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 10 room amod 10 room room NOUN Number=Sing 7 illuminates obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 illuminates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 illuminate present a single feather from feather's tail a dark room vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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