infer

Who acts: you, we, she, Detectives, I, Mum · What happens: work out, not say, use, know, reach, infer · To what, where: something, clues, conclusion, facts, red eyes, picture · Speech: someone speaks here

«infer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: infer in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To work out something that is not said directly, using clues and what you already know.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 work	mark
2	work	work	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 work	compound:prt
4	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 work	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 said	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 said	aux:pass
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 said	advmod
8	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 something	acl:relcl
9	directly	directly	ADV	_	8 said	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 using	punct
11	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 work	advcl
12	clues	clue	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 using	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 what	cc
14	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 using	conj
15	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 know	nsubj
16	already	already	ADV	_	17 know	advmod
17	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 what	acl:relcl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 work	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	work out	to-infinitive		something		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic
2	not say speech: assert	present · passive			directly property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
3	use	gerund		clues		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clue=Patient
4	know	present	you			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To reach a conclusion from facts or reasoning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 reach	mark
2	reach	reach	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 conclusion	det
4	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reach	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 facts	case
6	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 reach	obl
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 reasoning	cc
8	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 facts	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reach	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reach	to-infinitive		a conclusion		facts or reasoning			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent conclusion=Theme from fact=Source

Example 1

From her red eyes, we can infer that she had been crying.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	4 eyes	case
2	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 eyes	nmod:poss
3	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 eyes	amod
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 infer	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 eyes	punct
6	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 infer	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 infer	aux
8	infer	infer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 crying	mark
10	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 crying	nsubj
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 crying	aux
12	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 crying	aux
13	crying	cry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 infer	advcl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 infer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	infer	can	we			her red eyes			vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from eye=Source
2	cry speech: express	past · perfect · progressive	she						vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 2

What can you infer about the weather from the picture?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 infer	obj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 infer	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 infer	nsubj
4	infer	infer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 weather	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 weather	det
7	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 infer	obl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 picture	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 picture	det
10	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 infer	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 infer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	infer	can	you			the picture		about the weather	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent what=Theme from picture=Source

Example 3

Detectives infer who did it from clues.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Detectives	detective	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 infer	nsubj
2	infer	infer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 did	nsubj
4	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 infer	ccomp
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 did	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 clues	case
7	clues	clue	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 did	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 infer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	infer	present	Detectives						vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	do	past		it		clues			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

Example 4

I inferred that Mum was cross because she slammed the door.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 inferred	nsubj
2	inferred	infer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 cross	mark
4	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cross	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 cross	cop
6	cross	cross	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 inferred	ccomp
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 slammed	mark
8	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 slammed	nsubj
9	slammed	slam	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 cross	advcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 door	det
11	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 slammed	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 inferred	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	infer	past	I			vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	Mum		cross property	tree rules
3	slam	past	she	the door		vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient

Example 5

Scientists infer what dinosaurs ate from their teeth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 infer	nsubj
2	infer	infer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 ate	obj
4	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ate	nsubj
5	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 infer	ccomp
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 teeth	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 teeth	nmod:poss
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ate	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 infer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	infer	present	Scientists						vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	eat	past	dinosaurs			dinosaurs's teeth			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infer/