ivory Who acts: Ivory, narwhal teeth, ivory tower, clever people, Ivory City, poachers · What happens: be, make, tickle, mean, play, use · To what, where: hard white material, elephant tusks, ivory, piano keys, past, ivories · Speech: someone speaks here
«ivory» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ivory in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Ivory is the hard, creamy-white material that elephant tusks are made of; walrus, narwhal and hippo teeth are also ivory.
The tree, 21 words nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct amod obj compound nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl obl punct conj punct compound cc conj nsubj cop advmod acl:relcl punct root Ivory NOUN is AUX the DET hard ADJ , PUNCT creamy ADJ - PUNCT white ADJ material NOUN that PRON elephant NOUN tusks NOUN are AUX made VERB of ADP ; PUNCT walrus NOUN , PUNCT narwhal NOUN and CCONJ hippo NOUN teeth NOUN are AUX also ADV ivory NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 9 material nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 material cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 material det 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 9 material amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 hard punct 6 creamy creamy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 white amod 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 creamy punct 8 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 9 material amod 9 material material NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 made obj 11 elephant elephant NOUN Number=Sing 12 tusks compound 12 tusks tusk NOUN Number=Plur 14 made nsubj:pass 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 made aux:pass 14 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 material acl:relcl 15 of of ADP _ 14 made obl 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 walrus punct 17 walrus walrus NOUN Number=Sing 9 material conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 narwhal punct 19 narwhal narwhal NOUN Number=Sing 22 teeth compound 20 and and CCONJ _ 21 hippo cc 21 hippo hippo NOUN Number=Sing 19 narwhal conj 22 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 25 ivory nsubj 23 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 ivory cop 24 also also ADV _ 25 ivory advmod 25 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 9 material acl:relcl 26 . . PUNCT _ 9 material punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ivory the hard white material and walrus tree rules 2 make present · passive elephant tusks vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary that=Product 3 is a present narwhal teeth ivory tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Ivory is a creamy off-white colour.
nsubj cop det case punct amod obl punct root Ivory NOUN is AUX a DET creamy ADJ off ADP - PUNCT white ADJ colour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 4 creamy nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 creamy cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 creamy det 4 creamy creamy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 off off ADP _ 8 colour case 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 off punct 7 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 8 colour amod 8 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 4 creamy obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 creamy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Ivory off white colour; creamy property tree rules
Meaning 3 In the past, piano keys, chess pieces and carvings were made of ivory; «tickle the ivories» (informal) means to play the piano.
The tree, 22 words case det obl punct compound nsubj:pass punct compound conj cc conj aux:pass case obl punct punct csubj det obj punct punct appos punct parataxis mark ccomp det obj punct root In ADP the DET past NOUN , PUNCT piano NOUN keys NOUN , PUNCT chess NOUN pieces NOUN and CCONJ carvings NOUN were AUX made VERB of ADP ivory NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT tickle VERB the DET ivories NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT means VERB to PART play VERB the DET piano NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 past case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 past det 3 past past NOUN Number=Sing 13 made obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 past punct 5 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 6 keys compound 6 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 13 made nsubj:pass 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 pieces punct 8 chess chess NOUN Number=Sing 9 pieces compound 9 pieces piece NOUN Number=Plur 6 keys conj 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 carvings cc 11 carvings carving NOUN Number=Plur 6 keys conj 12 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 made aux:pass 13 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 14 of of ADP _ 15 ivory case 15 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 13 made obl 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 18 tickle punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 tickle punct 18 tickle tickle VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 means csubj 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 ivories det 20 ivories ivory NOUN Number=Plur 18 tickle obj 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 ivories punct 22 ( ( PUNCT _ 23 informal punct 23 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 20 ivories appos 24 ) ) PUNCT _ 23 informal punct 25 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 made parataxis 26 to to PART _ 27 play mark 27 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 means ccomp 28 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 29 piano det 29 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 27 play obj 30 . . PUNCT _ 13 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past · passive piano keys and chess pieces and carvings the past of ivory vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product 2 tickle in a quote infinitive the ivories vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ivory=Theme 3 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 play not said to happen to-infinitive the piano vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Theme
Meaning 4 «An ivory tower» is a place or life far from real-world problems, especially used about clever people who do not understand ordinary life.
The tree, 24 words punct det compound nsubj punct cop det cc conj advmod case amod punct compound conj punct advmod acl case amod obl nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl amod obj punct root « PUNCT An DET ivory NOUN tower NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET place NOUN or CCONJ life NOUN far ADV from ADP real ADJ - PUNCT world NOUN problems NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV used VERB about ADP clever ADJ people NOUN who PRON do AUX not PART understand VERB ordinary ADJ life NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 tower punct 2 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 tower det 3 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 4 tower compound 4 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing 8 place nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 tower punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 place cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 place det 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 life cc 10 life life NOUN Number=Sing 8 place conj 11 far far ADV Degree=Pos 16 problems advmod 12 from from ADP _ 16 problems case 13 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 15 world amod 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 real punct 15 world world NOUN Number=Sing 16 problems compound 16 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 8 place conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 used punct 18 especially especially ADV _ 19 used advmod 19 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 problems acl 20 about about ADP _ 22 people case 21 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos 22 people amod 22 people people NOUN Number=Plur 19 used obl 23 who who PRON PronType=Rel 26 understand nsubj 24 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 26 understand aux 25 not not PART Polarity=Neg 26 understand advmod 26 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 22 people acl:relcl 27 ordinary ordinary ADJ Degree=Pos 28 life amod 28 life life NOUN Number=Sing 26 understand obj 29 . . PUNCT _ 8 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ivory tower a place or life and world problems tree rules 2 use participle world problems not said here about clever people; especially property vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 not understand present · do-support clever people ordinary life vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer life=Stimulus
Meaning 5 Ivory City is the name of a fairy-tale city in one story.
The tree, 13 words compound nsubj cop det case det compound punct compound nmod case nummod nmod punct root Ivory PROPN City PROPN is AUX the DET name NOUN of ADP a DET fairy NOUN - PUNCT tale NOUN city NOUN in ADP one NUM story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ivory Ivory PROPN Number=Sing 2 City compound 2 City City PROPN Number=Sing 5 name nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 name cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 name det 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 11 city case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 city det 8 fairy fairy NOUN Number=Sing 10 tale compound 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 fairy punct 10 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing 11 city compound 11 city city NOUN Number=Sing 5 name nmod 12 in in ADP _ 14 story case 13 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 14 story nummod 14 story story NOUN Number=Sing 11 city nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ivory City the name of a tale city in one story tree rules
Example 1 Elephants are killed by poachers for their ivory.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl case nmod:poss obl punct root Elephants NOUN are AUX killed VERB by ADP poachers NOUN for ADP their PRON ivory NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 3 killed nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 killed aux:pass 3 killed kill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 5 poachers case 5 poachers poacher NOUN Number=Plur 3 killed obl 6 for for ADP _ 8 ivory case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 ivory nmod:poss 8 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 3 killed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 killed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kill present · passive poachers Elephants for Elephants's ivory vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
Example 2 Selling new ivory is against the law in many countries.
csubj amod obj cop case det case amod nmod punct root Selling VERB new ADJ ivory NOUN is AUX against ADP the DET law NOUN in ADP many ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Selling sell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 law csubj 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 ivory amod 3 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 1 Selling obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 law cop 5 against against ADP _ 7 law case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 law det 7 law law NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 countries case 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 countries amod 10 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 7 law nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 law punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell gerund new ivory vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ivory=Theme 2 is present Selling many countries against the law tree rules
Example 3 The old piano had ivory keys.
det amod nsubj compound obj punct root The DET old ADJ piano NOUN had VERB ivory NOUN keys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 piano det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 piano amod 3 piano piano NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 6 keys compound 6 keys key NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the old piano ivory keys vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent key=Patient
Example 4 She chose an ivory-coloured dress.
nsubj det compound punct amod obj punct root She PRON chose VERB an DET ivory NOUN - PUNCT coloured ADJ dress NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 chose nsubj 2 chose choose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 dress det 4 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 6 coloured compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 ivory punct 6 coloured coloured ADJ Degree=Pos 7 dress amod 7 dress dress NOUN Number=Sing 2 chose obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 chose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choose past She a coloured dress vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dress=Theme
Example 5 The museum has a chess set carved from walrus ivory.
det nsubj det compound obj acl case compound obl punct root The DET museum NOUN has VERB a DET chess NOUN set NOUN carved VERB from ADP walrus NOUN ivory NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 museum det 2 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 set det 5 chess chess NOUN Number=Sing 6 set compound 6 set set NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 carved carve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 set acl 8 from from ADP _ 10 ivory case 9 walrus walrus NOUN Number=Sing 10 ivory compound 10 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 7 carved obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the museum a chess set vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent set=Patient 2 carve participle a chess set not said here walrus ivory vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Rangers protect elephants from ivory hunters.
nsubj obj case compound obl punct root Rangers NOUN protect VERB elephants NOUN from ADP ivory NOUN hunters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rangers ranger NOUN Number=Plur 2 protect nsubj 2 protect protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 elephants elephant NOUN Number=Plur 2 protect obj 4 from from ADP _ 6 hunters case 5 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 6 hunters compound 6 hunters hunter NOUN Number=Plur 2 protect obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 protect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present Rangers elephants from ivory hunters vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent elephant=Beneficiary from hunter=Theme
Example 7 (informal) Grandad likes to tickle the ivories at parties.
punct amod punct nsubj mark xcomp det obj case obl punct root ( PUNCT informal ADJ ) PUNCT Grandad PROPN likes VERB to PART tickle VERB the DET ivories NOUN at ADP parties NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 2 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Grandad amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 informal punct 4 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 5 likes nsubj 5 likes like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 tickle mark 7 tickle tickle VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 likes xcomp 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 ivories det 9 ivories ivory NOUN Number=Plur 7 tickle obj 10 at at ADP _ 11 parties case 11 parties party NOUN Number=Plur 7 tickle obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 likes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like present informal Grandad vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 tickle not said to happen to-infinitive informal Grandad not said here the ivories parties vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ivory=Theme
Example 8 Scientists should not live in an ivory tower.
nsubj aux advmod case det compound obl punct root Scientists NOUN should AUX not PART live VERB in ADP an DET ivory NOUN tower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 4 live nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 live aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 live advmod 4 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 in in ADP _ 8 tower case 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 tower det 7 ivory ivory NOUN Number=Sing 8 tower compound 8 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing 4 live obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not live should Scientists a ivory tower vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tower=Location
Example 9 This is none other than Gulizar of the Ivory City.
det cop amod case obl case det compound nmod punct root This DET is AUX none PRON other ADJ than ADP Gulizar PROPN of ADP the DET Ivory PROPN City PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 none det 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 none cop 3 none none PRON PronType=Neg root root 4 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 3 none amod 5 than than ADP _ 6 Gulizar case 6 Gulizar Gulizar PROPN Number=Sing 4 other obl 7 of of ADP _ 10 City case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 City det 9 Ivory Ivory PROPN Number=Sing 10 City compound 10 City City PROPN Number=Sing 6 Gulizar nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 none punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present none tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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