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janissary

Who acts: guard, powerful leader, janissaries, Janissary bands, boys, sultan · What happens: do, want, guard, play, take, close down · To what, where: whatever, Ottoman sultan, loud drums, Many janissaries, families, janissaries

«janissary» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: janissary in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

A soldier in the elite foot army of the Ottoman (Turkish) sultans, from about the 1300s to 1826.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 soldier	det
2	soldier	soldier	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sultans	compound
3	in	in	ADP	_	7 army	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 army	det
5	elite	elite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 army	amod
6	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 army	compound
7	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 soldier	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 Ottoman	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Ottoman	det
10	Ottoman	ottoman	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 army	nmod
11	(	(	PUNCT	_	12 Turkish	punct
12	Turkish	Turkish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Ottoman	amod
13	)	)	PUNCT	_	12 Turkish	punct
14	sultans	sultan	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 1300s	punct
16	from	from	ADP	_	19 1300s	case
17	about	about	ADV	_	19 1300s	advmod
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 1300s	det
19	1300s	1300	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	14 sultans	conj
20	to	to	ADP	_	21 1826	case
21	1826	1826	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	19 1300s	nmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 sultans	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.

A loyal follower or guard who does whatever a powerful leader wants.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 follower	det
2	loyal	loyal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 follower	amod
3	follower	follower	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 guard	cc
5	guard	guard	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 follower	conj
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 does	nsubj
7	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 guard	acl:relcl
8	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 wants	obj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 leader	det
10	powerful	powerful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 leader	amod
11	leader	leader	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 wants	nsubj
12	wants	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 does	ccomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 follower	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present	guard						tree rules
2	want	present	a powerful leader	whatever					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot whatever=Theme

Example 1

The janissaries guarded the Ottoman sultan.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 janissaries	det
2	janissaries	janissary	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 guarded	nsubj
3	guarded	guard	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sultan	det
5	Ottoman	ottoman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sultan	amod
6	sultan	sultan	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guarded	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 guarded	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	guard	past	the janissaries	the Ottoman sultan					vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sultan=Beneficiary

Example 2

Janissary bands played loud drums and cymbals.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Janissary	Janissary	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 bands	compound
2	bands	band	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 played	nsubj
3	played	play	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 drums	amod
5	drums	drum	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 played	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 cymbals	cc
7	cymbals	cymbal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 drums	conj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 played	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	past	Janissary bands	loud drums and cymbals					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drum=Theme

Example 3

Many janissaries were taken from their families as boys.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 janissaries	amod
2	janissaries	janissary	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 taken	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 taken	aux:pass
4	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 families	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 families	nmod:poss
7	families	family	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 taken	obl
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 boys	case
9	boys	boy	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 taken	obl:agent
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 taken	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	past · passive	boys	Many janissaries		janissaries's families			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from family=Initial_Location

Example 4

The sultan closed down the janissaries in 1826.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sultan	det
2	sultan	sultan	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 sultan	acl
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 closed	compound:prt
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 janissaries	det
6	janissaries	janissary	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closed	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 1826	case
8	1826	1826	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 closed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sultan	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	close down	participle	the sultan not said here	the janissaries				in 1826	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent janissary=Patient in 1826=Topic

Example 5

Our history book shows a janissary with a tall white hat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 book	nmod:poss
2	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 book	compound
3	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	nsubj
4	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 janissary	det
6	janissary	janissary	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	11 hat	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 hat	det
9	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hat	amod
10	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 hat	amod
11	hat	hat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shows	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	Our history book	a janissary				with a tall white hat	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent janissary=Recipient

Example 6

The janissaries were famous for their discipline.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 janissaries	det
2	janissaries	janissary	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 famous	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 famous	cop
4	famous	famous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 discipline	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 discipline	nmod:poss
7	discipline	discipline	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 famous	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 famous	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the janissaries					for janissaries's discipline; famous property	tree rules
2	discipline		janissaries = janissary						nom discipline «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Example 7

Some dictators surround themselves with janissaries who never question them.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 dictators	det
2	dictators	dictator	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 surround	nsubj
3	surround	surround	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 surround	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 janissaries	case
6	janissaries	janissary	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 surround	obl
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 question	nsubj
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 question	advmod
9	question	question	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 janissaries	acl:relcl
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 question	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 surround	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	surround	present	some dictators	dictators = dictator				with janissaries	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent themselves=Destination with janissary=Theme
2	not question speech: other	present	janissaries	dictators = dictator					vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/J/janissary/