joke Who acts: you, people, test, I, joke, They · What happens: say, do, make, laugh, be, not take · To what, where: people, things, joke, me, everyone, one person · Speech: someone speaks here
«joke» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: joke in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something you say or do to make people laugh, often a short funny story.
The tree, 14 words nsubj acl:relcl cc conj mark advcl obj xcomp punct advmod det amod amod conj punct root Something PRON you PRON say VERB or CCONJ do VERB to PART make VERB people NOUN laugh VERB , PUNCT often ADV a DET short ADJ funny ADJ story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 say nsubj 3 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Something acl:relcl 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 do cc 5 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 say conj 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 do advcl 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 make obj 9 laugh laugh VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 make xcomp 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 story punct 11 often often ADV _ 15 story advmod 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 story det 13 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 15 story amod 14 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos 15 story amod 15 story story NOUN Number=Sing 1 Something conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present you vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 do present you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 make to-infinitive you not said here people tree rules 4 laugh infinitive people not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Something that is silly or not taken seriously.
nsubj cop acl:relcl cc advmod conj advmod punct root Something PRON that PRON is AUX silly ADJ or CCONJ not PART taken VERB seriously ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 silly nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 silly cop 4 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Something acl:relcl 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 taken cc 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 taken advmod 7 taken take VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 silly conj 8 seriously seriously ADV _ 7 taken advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present silly property tree rules 2 not take participle seriously property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"The test was a joke."
punct det nsubj cop det punct punct root " PUNCT The DET test NOUN was AUX a DET joke NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 joke punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 test det 3 test test NOUN Number=Sing 6 joke nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 joke cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 joke det 6 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 joke punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 6 joke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote past the test a joke tree rules
Meaning 3 As a verb, to say things to be funny, not seriously.
case det obl punct mark obj mark cop ccomp punct advmod advmod punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT to PART say VERB things NOUN to PART be AUX funny ADJ , PUNCT not PART seriously ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 verb case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 verb det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 6 say obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 say punct 5 to to PART _ 6 say mark 6 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 6 say obj 8 to to PART _ 10 funny mark 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 funny cop 10 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 say ccomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 seriously punct 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 seriously advmod 13 seriously seriously ADV _ 6 say advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert to-infinitive things as a verb; seriously property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic 2 is to-infinitive funny property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"I'm only joking."
punct nsubj aux advmod punct punct root " PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX only ADV joking VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 joking punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 joking nsubj 3 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 joking aux 4 only only ADV _ 5 joking advmod 5 joking joke VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 joking punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 joking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joke speech: other in a quote present · progressive I vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Tell me a joke!
iobj det obj punct root Tell VERB me PRON a DET joke NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Tell iobj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 joke det 4 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 1 Tell obj 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here a joke me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient joke=Topic
Example 2 That joke was so funny.
det nsubj cop advmod punct root That DET joke NOUN was AUX so ADV funny ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 joke det 2 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 5 funny nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 funny cop 4 so so ADV _ 5 funny advmod 5 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 funny punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past that joke funny property tree rules
Example 3 I was only joking.
nsubj aux advmod punct root I PRON was AUX only ADV joking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 joking nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 joking aux 3 only only ADV _ 4 joking advmod 4 joking joke VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 joking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 joke speech: other past · progressive I vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 They played a joke on their teacher.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root They PRON played VERB a DET joke NOUN on ADP their PRON teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 played nsubj 2 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 joke det 4 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 2 played obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 teacher case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 teacher nmod:poss 7 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 2 played obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past They a joke on their teacher vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joke=Theme
Example 5 A good joke makes everyone laugh, not just one person.
det amod nsubj obj xcomp punct advmod advmod nummod obl punct root A DET good ADJ joke NOUN makes VERB everyone PRON laugh VERB , PUNCT not PART just ADV one NUM person NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 joke det 2 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 3 joke amod 3 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 4 makes nsubj 4 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 makes obj 6 laugh laugh VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 makes xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 person punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 person advmod 9 just just ADV _ 11 person advmod 10 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 person nummod 11 person person NOUN Number=Sing 6 laugh obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present a good joke everyone tree rules 2 laugh infinitive everyone not said here one person vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 He can't take a joke.
nsubj aux advmod det obj punct root He PRON ca AUX n't PART take VERB a DET joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 take nsubj 2 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 take aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 take advmod 4 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 joke det 6 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 4 take obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not take can He a joke vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joke=Theme
Example 7 Getting lost in the snow is no joke.
csubj xcomp case det obl cop det punct root Getting VERB lost VERB in ADP the DET snow NOUN is AUX no DET joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 joke csubj 2 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Getting xcomp 3 in in ADP _ 5 snow case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 snow det 5 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 2 lost obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 joke cop 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 joke det 8 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 joke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get gerund vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 lose participle the snow vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V PP.eventuality S_ING»: agent=Agent in snow=Eventuality 3 be speech: other present Getting no joke tree rules
Example 8 Why did the chicken cross the road? It's an old joke.
Sentence 1: Why did the chicken cross the road?
advmod aux det nsubj det obj punct root Why ADV did AUX the DET chicken NOUN cross VERB the DET road NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 5 cross advmod 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 cross aux 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 chicken det 4 chicken chicken NOUN Number=Sing 5 cross nsubj 5 cross cross VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 road det 7 road road NOUN Number=Sing 5 cross obj 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 cross punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cross past · do-support the chicken the road vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient
Sentence 2: It's an old joke.
nsubj cop det amod punct root It PRON 's AUX an DET old ADJ joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 joke nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 joke cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 joke det 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 joke amod 5 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 joke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present chicken a old joke tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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