keystone Who acts: keystone, arch, everything, keystone species, whole ecosystem, builders · What happens: shape, be, hold, depend, put, remove · To what, where: central shaped stone, top, other stones, place, important part, idea
«keystone» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: keystone in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A keystone is the central wedge-shaped stone at the top of an arch that holds all the other stones in place.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det amod compound punct amod case det nmod case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl det:predet det amod obj case nmod punct root A DET keystone NOUN is AUX the DET central ADJ wedge NOUN - PUNCT shaped VERB stone NOUN at ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP an DET arch NOUN that PRON holds VERB all DET the DET other ADJ stones NOUN in ADP place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 keystone det 2 keystone keystone NOUN Number=Sing 9 stone nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 stone cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 stone det 5 central central ADJ Degree=Pos 9 stone amod 6 wedge wedge NOUN Number=Sing 8 shaped compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 wedge punct 8 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 stone amod 9 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 at at ADP _ 12 top case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 top det 12 top top NOUN Number=Sing 9 stone nmod 13 of of ADP _ 15 arch case 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 arch det 15 arch arch NOUN Number=Sing 12 top nmod 16 that that PRON PronType=Rel 17 holds nsubj 17 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 arch acl:relcl 18 all all DET PronType=Tot 21 stones det:predet 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 stones det 20 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 21 stones amod 21 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 17 holds obj 22 in in ADP _ 23 place case 23 place place NOUN Number=Sing 21 stones nmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 9 stone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 2 is a present a keystone the central shaped stone the top of a arch tree rules 3 hold present a arch all other stones place vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent stone=Theme in place=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A keystone is the most important part of a plan, idea or system, which everything else depends on.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod case det nmod punct parataxis cc conj punct obj nsubj advmod parataxis advmod punct root A DET keystone NOUN is AUX the DET most ADV important ADJ part NOUN of ADP a DET plan NOUN , PUNCT idea NOUN or CCONJ system NOUN , PUNCT which PRON everything PRON else ADV depends VERB on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 keystone det 2 keystone keystone NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 part det 5 most most ADV Degree=Sup 6 important advmod 6 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 7 part amod 7 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 plan case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 plan det 10 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 idea punct 12 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 7 part parataxis 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 system cc 14 system system NOUN Number=Sing 12 idea conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 depends punct 16 which which PRON PronType=Rel 19 depends obj 17 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 19 depends nsubj 18 else else ADV _ 17 everything advmod 19 depends depend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 idea parataxis 20 on on ADV _ 19 depends advmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 7 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a keystone the important part of a plan tree rules 2 depend present everything idea or system tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A keystone species is an animal or plant that its whole ecosystem depends on, like sea otters or beavers.
The tree, 19 words det compound nsubj cop det cc conj mark nmod:poss amod nsubj advcl advmod punct case compound obl cc conj punct root A DET keystone NOUN species NOUN is AUX an DET animal NOUN or CCONJ plant NOUN that SCONJ its PRON whole ADJ ecosystem NOUN depends VERB on ADV , PUNCT like ADP sea NOUN otters NOUN or CCONJ beavers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 species det 2 keystone keystone NOUN Number=Sing 3 species compound 3 species species NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animal cop 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 animal det 6 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 plant cc 8 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal conj 9 that that SCONJ _ 13 depends mark 10 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 ecosystem nmod:poss 11 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 12 ecosystem amod 12 ecosystem ecosystem NOUN Number=Sing 13 depends nsubj 13 depends depend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animal advcl 14 on on ADV _ 13 depends advmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 otters punct 16 like like ADP _ 18 otters case 17 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 18 otters compound 18 otters otter NOUN Number=Plur 13 depends obl 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 beavers cc 20 beavers beaver NOUN Number=Plur 18 otters conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a keystone species a animal or plant tree rules 2 depend present species's whole ecosystem like sea otters or beavers vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The keystone at the top holds the whole arch together.
det nsubj case det nmod det amod obj advmod punct root The DET keystone NOUN at ADP the DET top NOUN holds VERB the DET whole ADJ arch NOUN together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 keystone det 2 keystone keystone NOUN Number=Sing 6 holds nsubj 3 at at ADP _ 5 top case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 top det 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 2 keystone nmod 6 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 arch det 8 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 9 arch amod 9 arch arch NOUN Number=Sing 6 holds obj 10 together together ADV _ 6 holds advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present the keystone at the top the whole arch together property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arch=Theme
Example 2 When the builders put in the keystone, they could remove the wooden frame.
The tree, 13 words advmod det nsubj advcl case det obl punct nsubj aux det amod obj punct root When ADV the DET builders NOUN put VERB in ADP the DET keystone NOUN , PUNCT they PRON could AUX remove VERB the DET wooden ADJ frame NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 put advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 builders det 3 builders builder NOUN Number=Plur 4 put nsubj 4 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 remove advcl 5 in in ADP _ 7 keystone case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 keystone det 7 keystone keystone NOUN Number=Sing 4 put obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 put punct 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 remove nsubj 10 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 remove aux 11 remove remove VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 frame det 13 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 14 frame amod 14 frame frame NOUN Number=Sing 11 remove obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 remove punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past the builders the keystone vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in keystone=Destination 2 remove could builders = builder the wooden frame vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frame=Theme
Example 3 Sea otters are a keystone species because they eat sea urchins that destroy kelp forests.
The tree, 15 words compound nsubj cop det compound mark nsubj advcl compound obj nsubj acl:relcl compound obj punct root Sea NOUN otters NOUN are AUX a DET keystone NOUN species NOUN because SCONJ they PRON eat VERB sea NOUN urchins NOUN that PRON destroy VERB kelp NOUN forests NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 2 otters compound 2 otters otter NOUN Number=Plur 6 species nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 species cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 species det 5 keystone keystone NOUN Number=Sing 6 species compound 6 species species NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 because because SCONJ _ 9 eat mark 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 eat nsubj 9 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 species advcl 10 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 11 urchins compound 11 urchins urchin NOUN Number=Plur 9 eat obj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 destroy nsubj 13 destroy destroy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 urchins acl:relcl 14 kelp kelp NOUN Number=Sing 15 forests compound 15 forests forest NOUN Number=Plur 13 destroy obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 species punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sea otters a keystone species tree rules 2 eat present otters = otter sea urchins vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent urchin=Patient 3 destroy present sea urchins kelp forests vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Patient
Example 4 Reading is the keystone of learning.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Reading NOUN is AUX the DET keystone NOUN of ADP learning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 4 keystone nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 keystone cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 keystone det 4 keystone keystone NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 learning case 6 learning learning NOUN Number=Sing 4 keystone nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 keystone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Reading the keystone of learning tree rules
Example 5 Beavers are a keystone species that build dams and make ponds.
nsubj cop det compound nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj obj punct root Beavers NOUN are AUX a DET keystone NOUN species NOUN that PRON build VERB dams NOUN and CCONJ make VERB ponds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Beavers beaver NOUN Number=Plur 5 species nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 species cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 species det 4 keystone keystone NOUN Number=Sing 5 species compound 5 species species NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 build nsubj 7 build build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 species acl:relcl 8 dams dam NOUN Number=Plur 7 build obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 make cc 10 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 build conj 11 ponds pond NOUN Number=Plur 10 make obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 species punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Beavers a keystone species tree rules 2 build present a keystone species dams vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dam=Product 3 make present a keystone species not said here ponds vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pond=Product
Example 6 Pennsylvania is known as the Keystone State.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det compound obl punct root Pennsylvania PROPN is AUX known VERB as ADP the DET Keystone PROPN State PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania PROPN Number=Sing 3 known nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 known aux:pass 3 known know VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 as as ADP _ 7 State case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 State det 6 Keystone Keystone PROPN Number=Sing 7 State compound 7 State State PROPN Number=Sing 3 known obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 known punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present · passive Pennsylvania as the Keystone State vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as state=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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