know Who acts: you, your, She, He, many words, I · What happens: know, be, learn, tell, mind, meet · To what, where: something, mind, fact, person, them, it · Speech: someone speaks here
«know» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: know in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To know something is to have it in your mind as a fact, because you learned it or were told.
The tree, 20 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj case nmod:poss obl case det nmod punct mark nsubj parataxis obj cc aux:pass conj punct root To PART know VERB something PRON is AUX to PART have VERB it PRON in ADP your PRON mind NOUN as ADP a DET fact NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ you PRON learned VERB it PRON or CCONJ were AUX told VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 know mark 2 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 have advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 know obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 have cop 5 to to PART _ 6 have mark 6 have have VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 have obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 mind case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 mind nmod:poss 10 mind mind NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obl 11 as as ADP _ 13 fact case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 fact det 13 fact fact NOUN Number=Sing 10 mind nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 learned punct 15 because because SCONJ _ 17 learned mark 16 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 17 learned nsubj 17 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 have parataxis 18 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 learned obj 19 or or CCONJ _ 21 told cc 20 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 told aux:pass 21 told tell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 learned conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know to-infinitive something vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 is present your mind as a fact have property tree rules 3 learn past you fact vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic 4 tell speech: assert past · passive you not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V» 5 mind your as a fact nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent as=obl
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To know a person is to have met them and be familiar with them.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl det obj aux mark aux obj cc cop conj case obl punct root To PART know VERB a DET person NOUN is AUX to PART have AUX met VERB them PRON and CCONJ be AUX familiar ADJ with ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 know mark 2 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 met advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 person det 4 person person NOUN Number=Sing 2 know obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 met aux 6 to to PART _ 8 met mark 7 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 met aux 8 met meet VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 9 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 met obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 familiar cc 11 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 12 familiar cop 12 familiar familiar ADJ Degree=Pos 8 met conj 13 with with ADP _ 14 them case 14 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 familiar obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 met punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know to-infinitive a person vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus 2 meet present · perfect them = they vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent 3 is infinitive with them = they ; familiar property tree rules
Meaning 3 To know how to do something is to be able to do it.
mark advcl advmod mark ccomp obj cop mark cop mark xcomp obj punct root To PART know VERB how ADV to PART do VERB something PRON is AUX to PART be AUX able ADJ to PART do VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 know mark 2 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 able advcl 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 do advmod 4 to to PART _ 5 do mark 5 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 know ccomp 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 do obj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 able cop 8 to to PART _ 10 able mark 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 able cop 10 able able ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 to to PART _ 12 do mark 12 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 able xcomp 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 do obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 able punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know to-infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 3 is present able property tree rules 4 do to-infinitive it vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
She knows how to swim.
nsubj advmod mark xcomp punct root She PRON knows VERB how ADV to PART swim VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 knows nsubj 2 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 swim advmod 4 to to PART _ 5 swim mark 5 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 knows xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 knows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present She vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 swim to-infinitive She not said here vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 To know a place is to be familiar with it.
mark advcl det obj cop mark cop case obl punct root To PART know VERB a DET place NOUN is AUX to PART be AUX familiar ADJ with ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 know mark 2 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 familiar advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 place det 4 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 know obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 familiar cop 6 to to PART _ 8 familiar mark 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 familiar cop 8 familiar familiar ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 with with ADP _ 10 it case 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 familiar obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 familiar punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know to-infinitive a place vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer place=Stimulus 2 is present with place; familiar property tree rules
Example 1 Do you know how many apples are left?
aux nsubj advmod amod nsubj aux:pass ccomp punct root Do AUX you PRON know VERB how ADV many ADJ apples NOUN are AUX left VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 know aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 know nsubj 3 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 many advmod 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 apples amod 6 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 8 left nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 left aux:pass 8 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 know ccomp 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present · do-support you vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 leave present · passive many apples vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 2 She knows 20 songs.
nsubj nummod obj punct root She PRON knows VERB 20 NUM songs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 knows nsubj 2 knows know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 songs nummod 4 songs song NOUN Number=Plur 2 knows obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 knows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present She 20 songs vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer song=Stimulus
Example 3 He knew 8 of the words.
nsubj obj case det nmod punct root He PRON knew VERB 8 NUM of ADP the DET words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 knew nsubj 2 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 knew obj 4 of of ADP _ 6 words case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 words det 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 8 nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 knew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know past He 8 of the words vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer 8=Stimulus
Example 4 How many words does she know now?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ words NOUN does AUX she PRON know VERB now ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 words amod 3 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 know nsubj 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 know aux 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 know nsubj 6 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 know advmod 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present · do-support many words now vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 I know the answer!
nsubj det obj punct root I PRON know VERB the DET answer NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 know nsubj 2 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 answer det 4 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 2 know obj 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present I the answer vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus
Example 6 Do you know how to tie your shoes?
aux nsubj advmod mark ccomp nmod:poss obj punct root Do AUX you PRON know VERB how ADV to PART tie VERB your PRON shoes NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 know aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 know nsubj 3 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 tie advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 tie mark 6 tie tie VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 know ccomp 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 shoes nmod:poss 8 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 6 tie obj 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present · do-support you vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 tie to-infinitive your shoes vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient
Example 7 I've known Ella since we were five.
nsubj aux obj mark nsubj cop parataxis punct root I PRON 've AUX known VERB Ella PROPN since SCONJ we PRON were AUX five NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 known nsubj 2 've have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 known aux 3 known know VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 Ella Ella PROPN Number=Sing 3 known obj 5 since since SCONJ _ 8 five mark 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 five nsubj 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 five cop 8 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 known parataxis 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 known punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present · perfect I Ella vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer ella=Stimulus 2 is a past we five tree rules
Example 8 Let me know when you're ready.
obj xcomp advmod nsubj cop advcl punct root Let VERB me PRON know VERB when ADV you PRON 're AUX ready ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 ready advmod 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 ready nsubj 6 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 ready cop 7 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 3 know advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here me tree rules 2 know infinitive me not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 is present you ready property tree rules
Example 9 Never get into a car with someone you don't know.
advmod case det obl case obl nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root Never ADV get VERB into ADP a DET car NOUN with ADP someone PRON you PRON do AUX n't PART know VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 get advmod 2 get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 5 car case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 car det 5 car car NOUN Number=Sing 2 get obl 6 with with ADP _ 7 someone case 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 get obl 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 know nsubj 9 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 know aux 10 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 11 know advmod 11 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 someone acl:relcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not get imperative you not said here a car with someone vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into car=Destination 2 not know present · do-support you vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 10 I must know more of them."
nsubj aux obj case nmod punct punct root I PRON must AUX know VERB more ADJ of ADP them PRON . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 know nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 know aux 3 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 know obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 them case 6 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 more nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 know punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 3 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know must I more of them vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer more=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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