labour Who acts: Labour, hard work, country, process, Labour parties, Building · What happens: be, work, do, give, move, build · To what, where: hard work, workers, country, work, process, birth
«labour» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: labour in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Labour is hard work, especially work with your body.
nsubj cop amod punct advmod acl:relcl case nmod:poss obl punct root Labour NOUN is AUX hard ADJ work NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV work VERB with ADP your PRON body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 4 work nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 work cop 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 4 work amod 4 work work NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 work punct 6 especially especially ADV _ 7 work advmod 7 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 work acl:relcl 8 with with ADP _ 10 body case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 body nmod:poss 10 body body NOUN Number=Sing 7 work obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Labour hard work tree rules 2 work infinitive hard work not said here with your body; especially property vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with body=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Labour is the workers in a country or company, or the work they do for pay.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det case det nmod cc conj punct cc det conj nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root Labour NOUN is AUX the DET workers NOUN in ADP a DET country NOUN or CCONJ company NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ the DET work NOUN they PRON do VERB for ADP pay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 4 workers nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 workers cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 workers det 4 workers worker NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 country case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 country det 7 country country NOUN Number=Sing 4 workers nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 company cc 9 company company NOUN Number=Sing 7 country conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 work punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 work cc 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 work det 13 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 workers conj 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 do nsubj 15 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 work acl:relcl 16 for for ADP _ 17 pay case 17 pay pay NOUN Number=Sing 15 do obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 workers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Labour the workers or the work a country or company tree rules 2 do present country the work not said here for pay vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Labour is the process of giving birth to a baby.
nsubj cop det mark acl obj case det obl punct root Labour NOUN is AUX the DET process NOUN of SCONJ giving VERB birth NOUN to ADP a DET baby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 4 process nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 process cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 process det 4 process process NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 giving mark 6 giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 process acl 7 birth birth NOUN Number=Sing 6 giving obj 8 to to ADP _ 10 baby case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 baby det 10 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 6 giving obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 process punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Labour the process tree rules 2 give gerund the process not said here birth a baby vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient
Meaning 4 To labour is to work hard or to move with great effort.
mark advcl cop mark advmod cc mark conj case amod obl punct root To PART labour NOUN is AUX to PART work VERB hard ADV or CCONJ to PART move VERB with ADP great ADJ effort NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 labour mark 2 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 5 work advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 work cop 4 to to PART _ 5 work mark 5 work work VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 5 work advmod 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 move cc 8 to to PART _ 9 move mark 9 move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 work conj 10 with with ADP _ 12 effort case 11 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 12 effort amod 12 effort effort NOUN Number=Sing 9 move obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present hard, work property tree rules 2 move to-infinitive with great effort vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 5 Labour (with a capital L) is one of the main political parties in the UK, and there are Labour parties in Australia, New Zealand and Ireland.
The tree, 26 words nsubj punct case det compound conj punct cop case det amod amod nmod case det nmod punct cc expl parataxis compound nsubj case nmod punct flat conj cc conj punct root Labour NOUN ( PUNCT with ADP a DET capital NOUN L NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET main ADJ political ADJ parties NOUN in ADP the DET UK PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ there PRON are VERB Labour PROPN parties NOUN in ADP Australia PROPN , PUNCT New PROPN Zealand PROPN and CCONJ Ireland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 9 one nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 L punct 3 with with ADP _ 6 L case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 L det 5 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing 6 L compound 6 L l NOUN Number=Sing 1 Labour conj 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 L punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 one cop 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 10 of of ADP _ 14 parties case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 parties det 12 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 14 parties amod 13 political political ADJ Degree=Pos 14 parties amod 14 parties party NOUN Number=Plur 9 one nmod 15 in in ADP _ 17 UK case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 UK det 17 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 14 parties nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 are punct 19 and and CCONJ _ 21 are cc 20 there there PRON PronType=Dem 21 are expl 21 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 one parataxis 22 Labour Labour PROPN Number=Sing 23 parties compound 23 parties party NOUN Number=Plur 21 are nsubj 24 in in ADP _ 25 Australia case 25 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 23 parties nmod 26 , , PUNCT _ 28 Zealand punct 27 New New PROPN Number=Sing 28 Zealand flat 28 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 25 Australia conj 29 and and CCONJ _ 30 Ireland cc 30 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 25 Australia conj 31 . . PUNCT _ 9 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Labour and a capital L one of the main political parties in the UK tree rules 2 does present Labour parties in Australia and New Zealand and Ireland there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 6 A labour can also be a hard task that someone is given to complete, such as one of the twelve labours of Heracles.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det amod mark nsubj aux:pass advcl case obl punct case fixed conj case det nummod nmod case nmod punct root A DET labour NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET hard ADJ task NOUN that SCONJ someone PRON is AUX given VERB to ADP complete ADJ , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP one NUM of ADP the DET twelve NUM labours NOUN of ADP Heracles PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 labour det 2 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 8 task nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 task aux 4 also also ADV _ 8 task advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 task cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 task det 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 8 task amod 8 task task NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 that that SCONJ _ 12 given mark 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 given nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 given aux:pass 12 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 task advcl 13 to to ADP _ 14 complete case 14 complete complete ADJ Degree=Pos 12 given obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 one punct 16 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 18 one case 17 as as ADP _ 16 such fixed 18 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 task conj 19 of of ADP _ 22 labours case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 labours det 21 twelve twelve NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 22 labours nummod 22 labours labour NOUN Number=Plur 18 one nmod 23 of of ADP _ 24 Heracles case 24 Heracles Heracles PROPN Number=Sing 22 labours nmod 25 . . PUNCT _ 8 task punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a labour a hard task tree rules 2 give present · passive someone complete vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to complete=Recipient
Example 1 Building the wall took a lot of labour.
csubj det obj det obj case nmod punct root Building VERB the DET wall NOUN took VERB a DET lot NOUN of ADP labour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Building build VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 took csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 wall det 3 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 1 Building obj 4 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lot det 6 lot lot NOUN Number=Sing 4 took obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 labour case 8 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 6 lot nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build gerund the wall vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wall=Product 2 take past Building a lot of labour vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme
Example 2 Mum went into labour at two in the morning.
nsubj case obl case obl case det obl punct root Mum NOUN went VERB into ADP labour NOUN at ADP two NUM in ADP the DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 4 labour case 4 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 5 at at ADP _ 6 two case 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 went obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 morning case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 morning det 9 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past Mum labour morning at two vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into labour=Initial_Location
Example 3 In the past, children worked in factories — this was child labour.
case det obl punct nsubj case obl punct nsubj cop compound conj punct root In ADP the DET past NOUN , PUNCT children NOUN worked VERB in ADP factories NOUN — PUNCT this PRON was AUX child NOUN labour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 past case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 past det 3 past past NOUN Number=Sing 6 worked obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 past punct 5 children child NOUN Number=Plur 6 worked nsubj 6 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 factories case 8 factories factory NOUN Number=Plur 6 worked obl 9 — - PUNCT _ 13 labour punct 10 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 13 labour nsubj 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 labour cop 12 child child NOUN Number=Sing 13 labour compound 13 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 6 worked conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 worked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work past children in factories; in the past vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in past=Theme 2 is a past this child labour tree rules
Example 4 The plumber charged £40 an hour for labour; 3 hours cost £120.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj obj nummod det obl:unmarked case obl punct nummod nsubj parataxis obj nummod punct root The DET plumber NOUN charged VERB £ SYM 40 NUM an DET hour NOUN for ADP labour NOUN ; PUNCT 3 NUM hours NOUN cost VERB £ SYM 120 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plumber det 2 plumber plumber NOUN Number=Sing 3 charged nsubj 3 charged charge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 £ £ SYM _ 3 charged obj 5 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 £ nummod 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hour det 7 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 3 charged obl:unmarked 8 for for ADP _ 9 labour case 9 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 3 charged obl 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 cost punct 11 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 hours nummod 12 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 13 cost nsubj 13 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 charged parataxis 14 £ £ SYM _ 13 cost obj 15 120 120 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 £ nummod 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 charged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 charge past the plumber hour for labour vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent £=Patient for labour=Theme 2 cost present 3 hours vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme £=Value
Example 5 The old horse laboured up the hill.
det amod acl case det obl punct root The DET old ADJ horse NOUN laboured VERB up ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 horse det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 horse amod 3 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 laboured labour VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 horse acl 5 up up ADP _ 7 hill case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hill det 7 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 4 laboured obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 horse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 labour participle the old horse not said here up the hill vn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Making the quilt was a labour of love for Nan.
csubj det obj cop det case nmod case nmod punct root Making VERB the DET quilt NOUN was AUX a DET labour NOUN of ADP love NOUN for ADP Nan PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 labour csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 quilt det 3 quilt quilt NOUN Number=Sing 1 Making obj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 labour cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 labour det 6 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 love case 8 love love NOUN Number=Sing 6 labour nmod 9 for for ADP _ 10 Nan case 10 Nan Nan PROPN Number=Sing 6 labour nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 labour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make gerund the quilt vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset quilt=Product 2 is a past Making a labour of love; for Nan tree rules
Example 7 The Labour Party won the election. (UK)
Sentence 1: The Labour Party won the election.
det compound nsubj det obj punct root The DET Labour PROPN Party PROPN won VERB the DET election NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Party det 2 Labour Labour PROPN Number=Sing 3 Party compound 3 Party Party PROPN Number=Sing 4 won nsubj 4 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 election det 6 election election NOUN Number=Sing 4 won obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past the Labour Party the election vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Eventuality
Sentence 2: (UK)
punct punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 UK punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 8 The farm needs more labour at harvest time.
det nsubj amod obj case compound nmod punct root The DET farm NOUN needs VERB more ADJ labour NOUN at ADP harvest NOUN time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farm det 2 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs nsubj 3 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 labour amod 5 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 3 needs obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 time case 7 harvest harvest NOUN Number=Sing 8 time compound 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 labour nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present the farm more labour at harvest time vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot labour=Theme
Example 9 THE CRETAN BULL.--The seventh labour of Heracles was to capture the Cretan bull.
The tree, 14 words det compound nsubj punct punct det amod conj case nmod cop mark det compound obj punct root THE DET CRETAN PROPN BULL NOUN . PUNCT -- PUNCT The DET seventh ADJ labour NOUN of ADP Heracles PROPN was AUX to PART capture VERB the DET Cretan PROPN bull NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 THE the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 BULL det 2 CRETAN CRETAN PROPN Number=Sing 3 BULL compound 3 BULL bull NOUN Number=Sing 13 capture nsubj 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 BULL punct 5 -- -- PUNCT _ 8 labour punct 6 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 labour det 7 seventh seventh ADJ Degree=Pos 8 labour amod 8 labour labour NOUN Number=Sing 3 BULL conj 9 of of ADP _ 10 Heracles case 10 Heracles Heracles PROPN Number=Sing 8 labour nmod 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 capture cop 12 to to PART _ 13 capture mark 13 capture capture VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 bull det 15 Cretan Cretan PROPN Number=Sing 16 bull compound 16 bull bull NOUN Number=Sing 13 capture obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 13 capture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the CRETAN BULL and the seventh labour of Heracles capture property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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