lake Who acts: lake, Most lakes, 20 ducks, path, They, 8 boats · What happens: be, have, walk, swim, not walk, freeze · To what, where: big area, fresh water, pool, 3 km, lake, frozen lake · Speech: someone speaks here
«lake» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lake in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A lake is a big area of water with land all around it.
det nsubj cop det amod case nmod case nmod advmod case nmod punct root A DET lake NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ area NOUN of ADP water NOUN with ADP land NOUN all ADV around ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lake det 2 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 6 area nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 area cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 area det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 area amod 6 area area NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 water case 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 area nmod 9 with with ADP _ 10 land case 10 land land NOUN Number=Sing 6 area nmod 11 all all ADV _ 13 it advmod 12 around around ADP _ 13 it case 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 land nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 area punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lake a big area of water; with land around land tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Most lakes have fresh water, not salty sea water.
amod nsubj amod obj punct advmod amod compound conj punct root Most ADJ lakes NOUN have VERB fresh ADJ water NOUN , PUNCT not PART salty ADJ sea NOUN water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 2 lakes amod 2 lakes lake NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 fresh fresh ADJ Degree=Pos 5 water amod 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 water punct 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 water advmod 8 salty salty ADJ Degree=Pos 10 water amod 9 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 10 water compound 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 water conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Most lakes fresh water and salty sea water vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
Meaning 3 A lake can also be a pool of something else, like «a lake of lava».
The tree, 15 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det case nmod advmod punct case punct det parataxis case nmod punct punct root A DET lake NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX a DET pool NOUN of ADP something PRON else ADV , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT a DET lake NOUN of ADP lava NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lake det 2 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 7 pool nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 pool aux 4 also also ADV _ 7 pool advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 pool cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pool det 7 pool pool NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 pool nmod 10 else else ADV _ 9 something advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 lake punct 12 like like ADP _ 15 lake case 13 « « PUNCT _ 15 lake punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 lake det 15 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 7 pool parataxis 16 of of ADP _ 17 lava case 17 lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 15 lake nmod 18 » » PUNCT _ 15 lake punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 pool punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a lake a pool of something tree rules
Example 1 There are 20 ducks on the lake.
expl nummod nsubj case det nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 20 NUM ducks NOUN on ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 ducks nummod 4 ducks duck NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 on on ADP _ 7 lake case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lake det 7 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 4 ducks nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 20 ducks on the lake there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 The path around the lake is 3 km.
det nsubj case det nmod cop nummod punct root The DET path NOUN around ADP the DET lake NOUN is AUX 3 NUM km NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 path det 2 path path NOUN Number=Sing 8 km nsubj 3 around around ADP _ 5 lake case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 lake det 5 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 path nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 km cop 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 km nummod 8 km km NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 km punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the path around the lake 3 km tree rules
Example 3 They walked to the lake.
nsubj case det obl punct root They PRON walked VERB to ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 lake case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 lake det 5 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
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1 walk past They to the lake result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to lake=Result
Example 4 8 boats are on the lake.
nummod nsubj cop case det punct root 8 NUM boats NOUN are AUX on ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 boats nummod 2 boats boat NOUN Number=Plur 6 lake nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 lake cop 4 on on ADP _ 6 lake case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 lake det 6 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 lake punct
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1 is present 8 boats the lake tree rules
Example 5 We swam in the lake in summer.
nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root We PRON swam VERB in ADP the DET lake NOUN in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 swam nsubj 2 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 lake case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 lake det 5 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 swam obl 6 in in ADP _ 7 summer case 7 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 5 lake nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 swam punct
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1 swim past We the lake in summer vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Trajectory
Example 6 The Great Lakes are between Canada and the USA.
det amod nsubj cop case cc det conj punct root The DET Great ADJ Lakes PROPN are AUX between ADP Canada PROPN and CCONJ the DET USA PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Lakes det 2 Great great ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Lakes amod 3 Lakes Lake PROPN Number=Plur 6 Canada nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 Canada cop 5 between between ADP _ 6 Canada case 6 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 USA cc 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 USA det 9 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 6 Canada conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 Canada punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the Great Lakes between Canada and the USA tree rules
Example 7 Never walk on a frozen lake unless an adult says the ice is safe.
The tree, 14 words advmod case det amod obl mark det nsubj advcl det nsubj cop ccomp punct root Never ADV walk VERB on ADP a DET frozen VERB lake NOUN unless SCONJ an DET adult NOUN says VERB the DET ice NOUN is AUX safe ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 walk advmod 2 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 lake case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 lake det 5 frozen freeze VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 lake amod 6 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 walk obl 7 unless unless SCONJ _ 10 says mark 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 adult det 9 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 10 says nsubj 10 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 walk advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 ice det 12 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 14 safe nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 safe cop 14 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 10 says ccomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 walk punct
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1 not walk imperative you not said here a frozen lake vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lake=Trajectory 2 freeze participle vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 say speech: assert a condition, not said to happen present a adult vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 is present the ice safe property tree rules
Example 8 Fish and frogs live in the lake.
nsubj cc conj case det obl punct root Fish NOUN and CCONJ frogs NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 4 live nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 frogs cc 3 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 1 Fish conj 4 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 lake case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lake det 7 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 4 live obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 live punct
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1 live present Fish and frogs the lake vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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