leave Who acts: it, others, you, UK, I, heading · What happens: leave, be, stay, forget, mean, go · To what, where: room, something, it, two cakes, someone, them · Speech: someone speaks here
«leave» in the school dictionary: its 10 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: leave in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To leave is to go away from a place: leave the room.
mark csubj cop mark advmod case det obl punct parataxis det obj punct root To PART leave VERB is AUX to PART go VERB away ADV from ADP a DET place NOUN : PUNCT leave VERB the DET room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 leave mark 2 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 go csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 go cop 4 to to PART _ 5 go mark 5 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 away away ADV _ 5 go advmod 7 from from ADP _ 9 place case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 place det 9 place place NOUN Number=Sing 6 away obl 10 : : PUNCT _ 11 leave punct 11 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 go parataxis 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 room det 13 room room NOUN Number=Sing 11 leave obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave to-infinitive vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present away, go property tree rules 3 leave infinitive the room vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To leave something is to let it stay where it is, or to forget it.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj xcomp advmod nsubj advcl punct cc mark conj obj punct root To PART leave VERB something PRON is AUX to PART let VERB it PRON stay VERB where ADV it PRON is VERB , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART forget VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 leave mark 2 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 let advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 leave obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 let cop 5 to to PART _ 6 let mark 6 let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 let obj 8 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 let xcomp 9 where where ADV PronType=Rel 11 is advmod 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 is nsubj 11 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 stay advcl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 forget punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 forget cc 14 to to PART _ 15 forget mark 15 forget forget VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 stay conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 forget obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave to-infinitive something vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present let property tree rules 3 stay infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 be present it vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 forget to-infinitive it tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I left my bag at school.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root I PRON left VERB my PRON bag NOUN at ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 left nsubj 2 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bag nmod:poss 4 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 2 left obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 school case 6 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 left obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past I my bag school vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bag=Theme at school=Location
Meaning 3 Left means still there after others went or were used: two cakes are left.
The tree, 14 words nsubj advmod advmod mark nsubj ccomp cc aux:pass conj punct nummod nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis punct root Left VERB means VERB still ADV there ADV after SCONJ others NOUN went VERB or CCONJ were AUX used VERB : PUNCT two NUM cakes NOUN are AUX left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 still still ADV _ 4 there advmod 4 there there ADV PronType=Dem 2 means advmod 5 after after SCONJ _ 7 went mark 6 others other NOUN Number=Plur 7 went nsubj 7 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 means ccomp 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 used cc 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 used aux:pass 10 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 went conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 left punct 12 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 13 cakes nummod 13 cakes cake NOUN Number=Plur 15 left nsubj:pass 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 left aux:pass 15 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave participle vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present there vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 go past others vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 use past · passive others not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V» 5 leave present · passive two cakes vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Meaning 4 To leave alone is to not touch or bother.
mark advcl advmod cop mark advmod cc conj punct root To PART leave VERB alone ADV is AUX to PART not PART touch VERB or CCONJ bother VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 leave mark 2 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 touch advcl 3 alone alone ADV _ 2 leave advmod 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 touch cop 5 to to PART _ 7 touch mark 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 touch advmod 7 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 bother cc 9 bother bother VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 touch conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave to-infinitive alone property vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 not is present touch property tree rules 3 bother infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 5 To leave something to someone is to give it to them, often after you die.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl obj case obl cop mark obj case obl punct advmod mark nsubj conj punct root To PART leave VERB something PRON to ADP someone PRON is AUX to PART give VERB it PRON to ADP them PRON , PUNCT often ADV after SCONJ you PRON die VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 leave mark 2 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 give advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 leave obj 4 to to ADP _ 5 someone case 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 leave obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 give cop 7 to to PART _ 8 give mark 8 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 give obj 10 to to ADP _ 11 them case 11 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 give obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 die punct 13 often often ADV _ 16 die advmod 14 after after SCONJ _ 16 die mark 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 die nsubj 16 die die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 give conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave to-infinitive something someone vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Theme to someone=Recipient 2 is present them = they give property tree rules 3 die present you often property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Grandpa left me his watch.
nsubj iobj nmod:poss obj punct root Grandpa NOUN left VERB me PRON his PRON watch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa grandpa NOUN Number=Sing 2 left nsubj 2 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 left iobj 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 watch nmod:poss 5 watch watch NOUN Number=Sing 2 left obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past Grandpa Grandpa's watch me vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent i=Theme watch=Attribute
Meaning 6 Leave (a noun) is time off work, or permission: sick leave, leave to speak.
The tree, 14 words punct det compound punct cop obj case obl punct cc conj punct amod obl punct parataxis mark xcomp punct root Leave VERB ( PUNCT a DET noun NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX time NOUN off ADP work NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ permission NOUN : PUNCT sick ADJ leave NOUN , PUNCT leave VERB to PART speak VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 noun punct 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 noun det 4 noun noun NOUN Number=Sing 7 time compound 5 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 noun punct 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 time cop 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leave obj 8 off off ADP _ 9 work case 9 work work NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leave obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 permission punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 permission cc 12 permission permission NOUN Number=Sing 9 work conj 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 leave punct 14 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos 15 leave amod 15 leave leave NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leave obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 leave punct 17 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Leave parataxis 18 to to PART _ 19 speak mark 19 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 leave xcomp 20 . . PUNCT _ 1 Leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave imperative you not said here sick leave work or permission vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme off work=Initial_Location 2 is a present noun time tree rules 3 leave infinitive tree rules 4 speak speech: other to-infinitive vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 7 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«Leave it out!» (UK) means stop it or I don't believe you; «leave it to me» means I'll do it; «I'm off» or «heading off» means I'm leaving.
Sentence 1: «Leave it out!»
punct obj compound:prt punct punct root « PUNCT Leave VERB it PRON out ADP ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Leave punct 2 Leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 Leave obj 4 out out ADP _ 2 Leave compound:prt 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Leave punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave out in a quote imperative you not said here it vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Sentence 2: (UK) means stop it or I don't believe you; «leave it to me» means I'll do it; «I'm off» or «heading off» means I'm leaving.
The tree, 29 words punct nsubj punct ccomp obj cc nsubj aux advmod conj obj punct punct csubj obj case obl punct parataxis nsubj aux ccomp obj punct punct nsubj cop compound punct cc punct csubj compound:prt punct parataxis nsubj aux ccomp punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT means VERB stop VERB it PRON or CCONJ I PRON do AUX n't PART believe VERB you PRON ; PUNCT « PUNCT leave VERB it PRON to ADP me PRON » PUNCT means VERB I PRON 'll AUX do VERB it PRON ; PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX off ADP » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT heading VERB off ADP » PUNCT means VERB I PRON 'm AUX leaving VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 stop obj 7 or or CCONJ _ 11 believe cc 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 believe nsubj 9 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 believe aux 10 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 11 believe advmod 11 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stop conj 12 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 believe obj 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 leave punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 leave punct 15 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 means csubj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 leave obj 17 to to ADP _ 18 me case 18 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 leave obl 19 » » PUNCT _ 15 leave punct 20 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 means parataxis 21 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 23 do nsubj 22 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 23 do aux 23 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 means ccomp 24 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 do obj 25 ; ; PUNCT _ 33 heading punct 26 « « PUNCT _ 29 off punct 27 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 29 off nsubj 28 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 29 off cop 29 off off ADP _ 33 heading compound 30 » » PUNCT _ 29 off punct 31 or or CCONJ _ 33 heading cc 32 « « PUNCT _ 33 heading punct 33 heading head VERB VerbForm=Ger 36 means csubj 34 off off ADP _ 33 heading compound:prt 35 » » PUNCT _ 33 heading punct 36 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 means parataxis 37 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 39 leaving nsubj 38 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 39 leaving aux 39 leaving leave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 36 means ccomp 40 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present UK vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stop infinitive it vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality 3 not believe present · do-support I you vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus 4 leave in a quote infinitive it me vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to i=Recipient 5 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 6 do future I it vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality 7 head off in a quote gerund vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 8 mean present heading vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 9 leave present · progressive I vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 8 Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.
«Leave me alone!», «leave it!» shouted at someone mean stop bothering me; said to a dog «leave it» means don't touch.
The tree, 22 words punct nsubj obj advmod punct punct punct punct conj obj punct punct acl case obl advcl ccomp xcomp obj punct parataxis case det obl punct ccomp obj punct ccomp advmod conj punct root « PUNCT Leave VERB me PRON alone ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT leave VERB it PRON ! PUNCT » PUNCT shouted VERB at ADP someone PRON mean VERB stop VERB bothering VERB me PRON ; PUNCT said VERB to ADP a DET dog NOUN « PUNCT leave VERB it PRON » PUNCT means VERB do VERB n't PART touch VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Leave punct 2 Leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 29 means nsubj 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Leave obj 4 alone alone ADV _ 2 Leave advmod 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Leave punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Leave punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 leave punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 leave punct 9 leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Leave conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 leave obj 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Leave punct 12 » » PUNCT _ 2 Leave punct 13 shouted shout VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 Leave acl 14 at at ADP _ 15 someone case 15 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 16 mean obl 16 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 shouted advcl 17 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 mean ccomp 18 bothering bother VERB VerbForm=Ger 17 stop xcomp 19 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 18 bothering obj 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 said punct 21 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 Leave parataxis 22 to to ADP _ 24 dog case 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 dog det 24 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 21 said obl 25 « « PUNCT _ 26 leave punct 26 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 said ccomp 27 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 26 leave obj 28 » » PUNCT _ 26 leave punct 29 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 30 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 29 means ccomp 31 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 32 touch advmod 32 touch touch VERB VerbForm=Inf 30 do conj 33 . . PUNCT _ 29 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave in a quote infinitive me alone property tree rules 2 leave in a quote infinitive it vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 3 shout speech: express participle vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 mean present someone vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 stop infinitive vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 6 bother gerund me vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer 7 say speech: assert past a dog vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to dog=Recipient clause=Topic 8 leave in a quote infinitive dog vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 9 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 10 do infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 11 not touch infinitive vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 9 Usage: euphemism — kept apart, not parsed.
«Was let go» or «left the company» can hide being sacked; «left us» can mean died.
The tree, 16 words punct aux:pass xcomp punct cc punct advcl det obj punct aux parataxis aux:pass xcomp punct punct parataxis obj punct aux xcomp ccomp punct root « PUNCT Was AUX let VERB go VERB » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT left VERB the DET company NOUN » PUNCT can AUX hide VERB being AUX sacked VERB ; PUNCT « PUNCT left VERB us PRON » PUNCT can AUX mean VERB died VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 let punct 2 Was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 let aux:pass 3 let let VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 let xcomp 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 let punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 left cc 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 left punct 8 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 hide advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 company det 10 company company NOUN Number=Sing 8 left obj 11 » » PUNCT _ 8 left punct 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 hide aux 13 hide hide VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 let parataxis 14 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 sacked aux:pass 15 sacked sack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 hide xcomp 16 ; ; PUNCT _ 18 left punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 left punct 18 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 let parataxis 19 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 18 left obj 20 » » PUNCT _ 18 left punct 21 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 mean aux 22 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 let xcomp 23 died die VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 22 mean ccomp 24 . . PUNCT _ 3 let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let in a quote past · passive tree rules 2 go in a quote infinitive vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 leave in a quote past the company vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent company=Theme 4 hide can tree rules 5 sack gerund · passive vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP» 6 leave in a quote past us vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme 7 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 8 die past vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Meaning 10 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The exam voice says «depart», «vacate», «remain», «retain», «residual», «the remainder».
The tree, 11 words det compound nsubj punct ccomp punct punct punct conj punct punct punct conj punct punct punct ccomp punct punct punct ccomp punct punct punct det ccomp punct punct root The DET exam NOUN voice NOUN says VERB « PUNCT depart VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT vacate VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT remain VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT retain VERB » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT residual ADJ » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT the DET remainder NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 voice det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 3 voice compound 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 depart punct 6 depart depart VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 depart punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 vacate punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 vacate punct 10 vacate vacate VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 depart conj 11 » » PUNCT _ 6 depart punct 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 remain punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 remain punct 14 remain remain VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 depart conj 15 » » PUNCT _ 6 depart punct 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 retain punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 retain punct 18 retain retain VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 19 » » PUNCT _ 18 retain punct 20 , , PUNCT _ 22 residual punct 21 « « PUNCT _ 22 residual punct 22 residual residual ADJ Degree=Pos 4 says ccomp 23 » » PUNCT _ 22 residual punct 24 , , PUNCT _ 27 remainder punct 25 « « PUNCT _ 27 remainder punct 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 remainder det 27 remainder remainder NOUN Number=Sing 4 says ccomp 28 » » PUNCT _ 27 remainder punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the exam voice vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 depart in a quote infinitive vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 vacate in a quote infinitive vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 remain in a quote infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 retain in a quote infinitive tree rules
Example 1 There were 10 books. Zoe gave 2 of them away. How many books are left?
Sentence 1: There were 10 books.
expl nummod nsubj punct root There PRON were VERB 10 NUM books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 were expl 2 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 were nsubj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past 10 books there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: Zoe gave 2 of them away.
nsubj obj case nmod advmod punct root Zoe PROPN gave VERB 2 NUM of ADP them PRON away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Zoe Zoe PROPN Number=Sing 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 gave obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 them case 5 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 2 nmod 6 away away ADV _ 2 gave advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past Zoe 2 of books away property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Theme
Sentence 3: How many books are left?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root How ADV many ADJ books NOUN are AUX left VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 books amod 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive many books vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 2 6 children were in the room and 2 left.
nummod nsubj cop case det cc nsubj acl:relcl punct root 6 NUM children NOUN were AUX in ADP the DET room NOUN and CCONJ 2 NUM left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 children nummod 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 6 room nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 room cop 4 in in ADP _ 6 room case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 room det 6 room room NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 left cc 8 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 left nsubj 9 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 room acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 room punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past 6 children the room tree rules 2 leave past 2 the room not said here vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Theme
Example 3 Ben spent 5 pounds. How much money does he have left?
Sentence 1: Ben spent 5 pounds.
nsubj nummod obj punct root Ben PROPN spent VERB 5 NUM pounds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 2 spent nsubj 2 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pounds nummod 4 pounds pound NOUN Number=Plur 2 spent obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past Ben 5 pounds vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pound=Asset
Sentence 2: How much money does he have left?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux nsubj aux punct root How ADV much ADJ money NOUN does AUX he PRON have AUX left VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 money amod 3 money money NOUN Number=Sing 7 left nsubj:pass 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 left aux 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 left nsubj 6 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 left aux 7 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · perfect · passive · do-support much money vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 4 We leave for school at eight.
nsubj case obl case obl punct root We PRON leave VERB for ADP school NOUN at ADP eight NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 leave nsubj 2 leave leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 4 school case 4 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 leave obl 5 at at ADP _ 6 eight case 6 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 leave obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present We eight for school vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at eight=Location
Example 5 I left my lunch at home!
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root I PRON left VERB my PRON lunch NOUN at ADP home NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 left nsubj 2 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 lunch nmod:poss 4 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 2 left obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 home case 6 home home NOUN Number=Sing 2 left obl 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past I my lunch home vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent lunch=Theme at home=Location
Example 6 Leave the door open, please.
det obj xcomp punct discourse punct root Leave VERB the DET door NOUN open ADJ , PUNCT please INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 door det 3 door door NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leave obj 4 open open ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Leave xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 1 Leave punct 6 please please INTJ _ 1 Leave discourse 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave imperative you not said here the door open property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme
Example 7 Leave the cat alone; she is sleeping.
det obj advmod punct nsubj aux parataxis punct root Leave VERB the DET cat NOUN alone ADV ; PUNCT she PRON is AUX sleeping VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cat det 3 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leave obj 4 alone alone ADV _ 1 Leave advmod 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 sleeping punct 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 sleeping nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 sleeping aux 8 sleeping sleep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Leave parataxis 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave imperative you not said here the cat alone property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme 2 sleep present · progressive cat vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Only three biscuits are left in the tin.
advmod nummod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Only ADV three NUM biscuits NOUN are AUX left VERB in ADP the DET tin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 2 three advmod 2 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 biscuits nummod 3 biscuits biscuit NOUN Number=Plur 5 left nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 tin case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 tin det 8 tin tin NOUN Number=Sing 5 left obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive three biscuits the tin vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in tin=Location
Example 9 can i pet him?? he's growling → No, leave him and walk away slowly.
The tree, 15 words aux nsubj compound punct nsubj aux advcl mark discourse punct advcl obj cc conj advmod advmod punct root can AUX i PRON pet NOUN him PRON ?? PUNCT he PRON 's AUX growling VERB → ADP No INTJ , PUNCT leave VERB him PRON and CCONJ walk VERB away ADV slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 him aux 2 i I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 him nsubj 3 pet pet NOUN Number=Sing 4 him compound 4 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs root root 5 ?? ?? PUNCT _ 8 growling punct 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 growling nsubj 7 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 growling aux 8 growling growl VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 him advcl 9 → → ADP _ 12 leave mark 10 No no INTJ Polarity=Neg 12 leave discourse 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 No punct 12 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 growling advcl 13 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 leave obj 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 walk cc 15 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 leave conj 16 away away ADV _ 15 walk advmod 17 slowly slowly ADV _ 15 walk advmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 him punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 growl present · progressive he vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 leave infinitive he not said here him = he vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme 3 walk away infinitive he not said here away, slowly property vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 10 Leave it out, you didn't eat 10 pies!
obj compound:prt punct nsubj aux advmod advcl nummod obj punct root Leave VERB it PRON out ADP , PUNCT you PRON did AUX n't PART eat VERB 10 NUM pies NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Leave obj 3 out out ADP _ 1 Leave compound:prt 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 eat punct 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 eat nsubj 6 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 eat aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 eat advmod 8 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Leave advcl 9 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 pies nummod 10 pies pie NOUN Number=Plur 8 eat obj 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave out imperative you not said here it vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 2 not eat past · do-support you 10 pies vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pie=Patient
Example 11 Leave my stuff alone or else.
nmod:poss obj advmod cc conj punct root Leave VERB my PRON stuff NOUN alone ADV or CCONJ else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leave leave VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 stuff nmod:poss 3 stuff stuff NOUN Number=Sing 1 Leave obj 4 alone alone ADV _ 1 Leave advmod 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 else cc 6 else else ADV _ 4 alone conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave imperative you not said here my stuff alone property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stuff=Theme
Example 12 Determine the number of volumes remaining, given that 2 of the original 10 were removed.
The tree, 15 words det obj case nmod acl punct conj mark nsubj:pass case det amod nmod aux:pass advcl punct root Determine VERB the DET number NOUN of ADP volumes NOUN remaining VERB , PUNCT given VERB that SCONJ 2 NUM of ADP the DET original ADJ 10 NUM were AUX removed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Determine determine VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 number det 3 number number NOUN Number=Sing 1 Determine obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 volumes case 5 volumes volume NOUN Number=Plur 3 number nmod 6 remaining remain VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 volumes acl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 given punct 8 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 remaining conj 9 that that SCONJ _ 16 removed mark 10 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 removed nsubj:pass 11 of of ADP _ 14 10 case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 10 det 13 original original ADJ Degree=Pos 14 10 amod 14 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 2 nmod 15 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 removed aux:pass 16 removed remove VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 given advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 1 Determine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 determine imperative you not said here the number of volumes vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic 2 remain gerund volumes not said here vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 give participle volumes not said here vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient 4 remove past · passive 2 of the original 10 vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 13 But we cannot leave you here.
cc nsubj aux advmod obj advmod punct root But CCONJ we PRON can AUX not PART leave VERB you PRON here ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 5 leave cc 2 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 leave nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 leave aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 leave advmod 5 leave leave VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 leave obj 7 here here ADV PronType=Dem 5 leave advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 leave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not leave can we you here vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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