leopard Who acts: leopard, dark spots, Leopards, Leopard print, pattern, spots · What happens: be, cover, call, live, drag up, keep · To what, where: big wild cat, yellow fur, rosettes, Africa, strong climbers, food · Speech: someone speaks here
«leopard» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: leopard in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A leopard is a big wild cat with yellow fur covered in dark spots called rosettes; it lives in Africa and parts of Asia.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case amod nmod acl case amod obl acl xcomp punct nsubj parataxis case obl cc conj case nmod punct root A DET leopard NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ wild ADJ cat NOUN with ADP yellow ADJ fur NOUN covered VERB in ADP dark ADJ spots NOUN called VERB rosettes NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON lives VERB in ADP Africa PROPN and CCONJ parts NOUN of ADP Asia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 leopard det 2 leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing 7 cat nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cat cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cat det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cat amod 6 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cat amod 7 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 10 fur case 9 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 10 fur amod 10 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 7 cat nmod 11 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 fur acl 12 in in ADP _ 14 spots case 13 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 14 spots amod 14 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 11 covered obl 15 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 spots acl 16 rosettes rosette NOUN Number=Plur 15 called xcomp 17 ; ; PUNCT _ 19 lives punct 18 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 lives nsubj 19 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cat parataxis 20 in in ADP _ 21 Africa case 21 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 19 lives obl 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 parts cc 23 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 19 lives conj 24 of of ADP _ 25 Asia case 25 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 23 parts nmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 7 cat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a leopard a big wild cat with yellow fur tree rules 2 cover participle yellow fur not said here in dark spots vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in spot=Theme 3 call participle dark spots not said here rosettes vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 live present leopard Africa vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Leopards are strong climbers and often drag their food up into trees to keep it safe from lions and hyenas.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop amod cc advmod conj nmod:poss obj compound:prt case obl mark advcl obj xcomp case obl cc conj punct root Leopards NOUN are AUX strong ADJ climbers NOUN and CCONJ often ADV drag VERB their PRON food NOUN up ADV into ADP trees NOUN to PART keep VERB it PRON safe ADJ from ADP lions NOUN and CCONJ hyenas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leopards leopard NOUN Number=Plur 4 climbers nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 climbers cop 3 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 climbers amod 4 climbers climber NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 drag cc 6 often often ADV _ 7 drag advmod 7 drag drag VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 climbers conj 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 food nmod:poss 9 food food NOUN Number=Sing 7 drag obj 10 up up ADV _ 7 drag compound:prt 11 into into ADP _ 12 trees case 12 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 7 drag obl 13 to to PART _ 14 keep mark 14 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 drag advcl 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 keep obj 16 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 14 keep xcomp 17 from from ADP _ 18 lions case 18 lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 16 safe obl 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 hyenas cc 20 hyenas hyena NOUN Number=Plur 18 lions conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 climbers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Leopards strong climbers tree rules 2 drag up present Leopards not said here Leopards's food trees often property vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme 3 keep to-infinitive Leopards not said here food safe property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Meaning 3 «Leopard print» is a pattern on clothes that looks like a leopard's spots.
The tree, 14 words punct compound nsubj punct cop det case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case det nmod:poss case obl punct root « PUNCT Leopard NOUN print NOUN » PUNCT is AUX a DET pattern NOUN on ADP clothes NOUN that PRON looks VERB like ADP a DET leopard NOUN 's PART spots NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 print punct 2 Leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing 3 print compound 3 print print NOUN Number=Sing 7 pattern nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 print punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pattern cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pattern det 7 pattern pattern NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 on on ADP _ 9 clothes case 9 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 7 pattern nmod 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 looks nsubj 11 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pattern acl:relcl 12 like like ADP _ 16 spots case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 leopard det 14 leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing 16 spots nmod:poss 15 's 's PART _ 14 leopard case 16 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 11 looks obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 pattern punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Leopard print a pattern clothes tree rules 2 look present a pattern like a leopard's spots vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 The leopard rested on a branch in the afternoon heat.
det acl case det obl case det compound obl punct root The DET leopard NOUN rested VERB on ADP a DET branch NOUN in ADP the DET afternoon NOUN heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 leopard det 2 leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 rested rest VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 leopard acl 4 on on ADP _ 6 branch case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 branch det 6 branch branch NOUN Number=Sing 3 rested obl 7 in in ADP _ 10 heat case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 heat det 9 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 10 heat compound 10 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 3 rested obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 leopard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rest participle the leopard not said here a branch in the afternoon heat vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on branch=Location
Example 2 A leopard's spots help it hide in the long grass.
det nmod:poss case nsubj obj xcomp case det amod obl punct root A DET leopard NOUN 's PART spots NOUN help VERB it PRON hide VERB in ADP the DET long ADJ grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 leopard det 2 leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing 4 spots nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 leopard case 4 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 5 help nsubj 5 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 help obj 7 hide hide VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 help xcomp 8 in in ADP _ 11 grass case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 grass det 10 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 11 grass amod 11 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 7 hide obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a leopard's spots leopard vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 hide infinitive leopard not said here the long grass vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in grass=Location
Example 3 The leopard dragged its catch up into a tree.
det nsubj nmod:poss xcomp compound:prt case det obl punct root The DET leopard NOUN dragged VERB its PRON catch VERB up ADP into ADP a DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 leopard det 2 leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing 3 dragged nsubj 3 dragged drag VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 catch nmod:poss 5 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 dragged xcomp 6 up up ADP _ 5 catch compound:prt 7 into into ADP _ 9 tree case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 tree det 9 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 catch obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 dragged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drag past the leopard tree rules 2 catch up infinitive the leopard not said here a tree vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Leopards hunt mostly at night.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root Leopards NOUN hunt VERB mostly ADV at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leopards leopard NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt nsubj 2 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 mostly mostly ADV _ 2 hunt advmod 4 at at ADP _ 5 night case 5 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 hunt obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present Leopards night mostly property vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 A black panther is often a leopard with very dark fur.
det amod nsubj cop advmod det case advmod amod nmod punct root A DET black ADJ panther NOUN is AUX often ADV a DET leopard NOUN with ADP very ADV dark ADJ fur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 panther det 2 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 3 panther amod 3 panther panther NOUN Number=Sing 7 leopard nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 leopard cop 5 often often ADV _ 7 leopard advmod 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 leopard det 7 leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 with with ADP _ 11 fur case 9 very very ADV _ 10 dark advmod 10 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 11 fur amod 11 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 7 leopard nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 leopard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a black panther a leopard with dark fur; often property tree rules
Example 6 Gran wore a leopard-print scarf.
nsubj det compound punct compound obj punct root Gran PROPN wore VERB a DET leopard NOUN - PUNCT print NOUN scarf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 2 wore nsubj 2 wore wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 scarf det 4 leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing 6 print compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 leopard punct 6 print print NOUN Number=Sing 7 scarf compound 7 scarf scarf NOUN Number=Sing 2 wore obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 wore punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear past Gran a print scarf vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent scarf=Theme
Example 7 «A leopard can't change its spots», said Dad.
punct det nsubj aux advmod ccomp nmod:poss obj punct punct nsubj punct root « PUNCT A DET leopard NOUN ca AUX n't PART change VERB its PRON spots NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT said VERB Dad PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 6 change punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 leopard det 3 leopard leopard NOUN Number=Sing 6 change nsubj 4 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 change aux 5 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 6 change advmod 6 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 said ccomp 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 spots nmod:poss 8 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 6 change obj 9 » » PUNCT _ 6 change punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 said punct 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 11 said nsubj 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not change in a quote can a leopard leopard's spots vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient 2 say speech: assert past Dad vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Example 8 There you will see many wild beasts—lions, tigers, leopards, apes, and so on.
The tree, 14 words expl nsubj aux amod amod obj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct conj punct cc advmod advmod punct root There PRON you PRON will AUX see VERB many ADJ wild ADJ beasts NOUN — PUNCT lions NOUN , PUNCT tigers NOUN , PUNCT leopards NOUN , PUNCT apes NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ so ADV on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 4 see expl 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 see nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 see aux 4 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 beasts amod 6 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 7 beasts amod 7 beasts beast NOUN Number=Plur 4 see obj 8 — - PUNCT _ 9 lions punct 9 lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 7 beasts conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 tigers punct 11 tigers tiger NOUN Number=Plur 9 lions conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 leopards punct 13 leopards leopard NOUN Number=Plur 9 lions conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 apes punct 15 apes ape NOUN Number=Plur 9 lions conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 on punct 17 and and CCONJ _ 19 on cc 18 so so ADV _ 19 on advmod 19 on on ADV _ 4 see advmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see future you many wild beasts and lions and tigers and leopards and apes there vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer beast=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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